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Sergey Dereliev

The species breeds mainly on cliffs, rock faces and steep coastal banks – either on islands or mainland, rarely on sand dunes or flatter ground; sometimes – even near or in human settlements. Outside breeding season it is mostly pelagic (Mallory et al. 2020).

It has circumpolar distribution, occurring in Europe in the N Atlantic and Arctic oceans. The European strongholds are in Iceland and Svalbard, followed by the Faroes and the British Isles (Keller et al. 2020).

Oceanic migrant, covering great distances in search of food.

Its population trend in Europe is decreasing. Evaluated as “Least Concern” (BirdLife International 2021).

Season of assessment

B

Population trendDecreasing
Population size
(min-max, best estimate)
6350000-7660000,6790000
Red List categoryVU
Franks, S., Fiedler, W., Arizaga, J., Jiguet, F., Nikolov, B., van der Jeugd, Ambrosini, R, Aizpurua, O., Bairlein, F., Clark, J., Fattorini, N, Hammond, M., Higgins, D, Levering, H., Skellorn, W., Spina, F, Thorup, K. Walker, J., Woodward, I. and Baillie, S.R. (1) (2022) Online Atlas of the movements of European bird populations. https://migrationatlas.org EURING/CMS (1) Principal investigator
N records N individuals N recoveries
Mapped data*
Total available data
*Mapped data include only distant (>= 50 km) recoveries

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Steve Zammit Lupi

The species occupies for breeding open habitats of various types covered by vegetation – grasslands or cultivations (cereals, alfalfa etc.); it avoids bare soils (Keller et al. 2020; McGowan et al. 2020).

Its breeding range stretches over W Palearctic (excluding most of Fennoscandia), W, C and locally S Asia, as well as E & S Africa. Eurasian-African/Indian migrant. Some populations resident in N, E & S Africa, India and locally in the extreme S of Europe. European migratory populations believed to winter in Africa S of Sahara, mainly in the Sahel zone (McGowan et al. 2020).

Its population trend in Europe is fluctuating. Evaluated as “Least Concern” (BirdLife International 2021).

Season of assessment

B

Population trendDecreasing
Population size
(min-max, best estimate)
5000000-9030000,6560000
Red List categoryNT
Franks, S., Fiedler, W., Arizaga, J., Jiguet, F., Nikolov, B., van der Jeugd, Ambrosini, R, Aizpurua, O., Bairlein, F., Clark, J., Fattorini, N, Hammond, M., Higgins, D, Levering, H., Skellorn, W., Spina, F, Thorup, K. Walker, J., Woodward, I. and Baillie, S.R. (1) (2022) Online Atlas of the movements of European bird populations. https://migrationatlas.org EURING/CMS (1) Principal investigator
N records N individuals N recoveries
Mapped data*
Total available data
*Mapped data include only distant (>= 50 km) recoveries

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Michele Mendi

Native breeding bird around the Mediterranean, including S Europe and NW Africa (BirdLife International 2021). Insectivorous, but takes berries and fruits outside the breeding season. Migratory, with wintering areas along the Sahelian belt (BirdLife International 2021). Recent genetic studies suggest a split into three species (Zuccon et al. 2020): Moltoni’s Warbler S. subalpine (N-C Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, Balearics); Western Subalpine Warbler S. iberiae (N Africa, Iberia, S France, NW Italy) and Eastern Subalpine Warbler S. cantillans (S Italy, Sicily, Balkans, Greece, Turkey).

Season of assessment

B

Population trendIncreasing
Population size
(min-max, best estimate)
7040000-10700000,8490000
Red List categoryLC
Franks, S., Fiedler, W., Arizaga, J., Jiguet, F., Nikolov, B., van der Jeugd, Ambrosini, R, Aizpurua, O., Bairlein, F., Clark, J., Fattorini, N, Hammond, M., Higgins, D, Levering, H., Skellorn, W., Spina, F, Thorup, K. Walker, J., Woodward, I. and Baillie, S.R. (1) (2022) Online Atlas of the movements of European bird populations. https://migrationatlas.org EURING/CMS (1) Principal investigator
N records N individuals N recoveries
Mapped data*
Total available data
*Mapped data include only distant (>= 50 km) recoveries

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Vincent van der Spek

An exclusively marine, medium-sized seabird, occupying rocky cliffs along sea coasts and offshore islands in the breeding season (Gaston & Hipfner 2020). A high-arctic species with circumpolar distribution but, in Europe, only found in Iceland, Norway and Russia (Keller et al. 2020). An oceanic migrant with high-latitude populations (Svalbard) undertaking the longest migrations, while those from more S locations (Iceland, N Norway) move less far, or disperse locally. Although its population trend in Europe is unknown (BirdLife International 2021), rapid population declines have been recorded in the N Atlantic (Frederiksen et al. 2019Gardarsson et al. 2019).

Season of assessment

B

Population trendDecreasing
Population size
(min-max, best estimate)
3410000-4560000,3950000
Red List categoryLC
Franks, S., Fiedler, W., Arizaga, J., Jiguet, F., Nikolov, B., van der Jeugd, Ambrosini, R, Aizpurua, O., Bairlein, F., Clark, J., Fattorini, N, Hammond, M., Higgins, D, Levering, H., Skellorn, W., Spina, F, Thorup, K. Walker, J., Woodward, I. and Baillie, S.R. (1) (2022) Online Atlas of the movements of European bird populations. https://migrationatlas.org EURING/CMS (1) Principal investigator
N records N individuals N recoveries
Mapped data*
Total available data
*Mapped data include only distant (>= 50 km) recoveries

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Rolf Nagel

Breeds across Central Europe at mid latitudes, from eastern France to Breeding distribution restricted to Ukraine and Russia, with populations in Italy and the Balkans. Long-distance migrant insectivorous passerine, with a restricted winter range mainly in Zambia, Zimbabwe and western Mozambique, Malawi and southern Tanzania.

Season of assessment

B

Population trendStable
Population size
(min-max, best estimate)
3210000-5130000,4010000
Red List categoryLC
Franks, S., Fiedler, W., Arizaga, J., Jiguet, F., Nikolov, B., van der Jeugd, Ambrosini, R, Aizpurua, O., Bairlein, F., Clark, J., Fattorini, N, Hammond, M., Higgins, D, Levering, H., Skellorn, W., Spina, F, Thorup, K. Walker, J., Woodward, I. and Baillie, S.R. (1) (2022) Online Atlas of the movements of European bird populations. https://migrationatlas.org EURING/CMS (1) Principal investigator
N records N individuals N recoveries
Mapped data*
Total available data
*Mapped data include only distant (>= 50 km) recoveries

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Callum Macgregor

Exclusively marine species, breeding solitary or in colonies mainly along coasts of offshore islands to avoid predation pressure. Birds typically nest under boulders, scree, and overhangs, sometimes in rock cavities and earth holes. It has circumpolar range across the high Arctic and subarctic S to N Atlantic boreal and temperate zones (Butler et al. 2020). In Europe, it occurs in Iceland, the British Isles, Fennoscandia & the Baltic Sea region, N Russia (Keller et al. 2020). 

High-arctic populations partly migratory, populations further S generally resident.

Its population trend in Europe is decreasing. Evaluated as “Least Concern” (BirdLife International 2021).

Season of assessment

B

Population trendUnknown
Population size
(min-max, best estimate)
368000-397000,380000
Red List categoryLC
Franks, S., Fiedler, W., Arizaga, J., Jiguet, F., Nikolov, B., van der Jeugd, Ambrosini, R, Aizpurua, O., Bairlein, F., Clark, J., Fattorini, N, Hammond, M., Higgins, D, Levering, H., Skellorn, W., Spina, F, Thorup, K. Walker, J., Woodward, I. and Baillie, S.R. (1) (2022) Online Atlas of the movements of European bird populations. https://migrationatlas.org EURING/CMS (1) Principal investigator
N records N individuals N recoveries
Mapped data*
Total available data
*Mapped data include only distant (>= 50 km) recoveries

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Aron Tanti

Spanish Sparrows are found in trees and scrub in cultivated areas, mostly near water but also more arid habitats, normally in lowlands (Summers-Smith 2020). They occur from the Mediterranean basin (S Europe, N Africa, Levant, Asia Minor) E to C Asia (NW China) (Keller et al. 2020) and are an intra-European/Mediterranean migrant, with populations being variously nomadic, resident (SW Europe, Sardinia, N Africa) or migratory (most of the Balkan Peninsula). European migratory populations overwinter largely in N Africa (Summers-Smith 2020).

Season of assessment

B

Population trendUnknown
Population size
(min-max, best estimate)
7560000-20000000,12000000
Red List categoryLC
Franks, S., Fiedler, W., Arizaga, J., Jiguet, F., Nikolov, B., van der Jeugd, Ambrosini, R, Aizpurua, O., Bairlein, F., Clark, J., Fattorini, N, Hammond, M., Higgins, D, Levering, H., Skellorn, W., Spina, F, Thorup, K. Walker, J., Woodward, I. and Baillie, S.R. (1) (2022) Online Atlas of the movements of European bird populations. https://migrationatlas.org EURING/CMS (1) Principal investigator
N records N individuals N recoveries
Mapped data*
Total available data
*Mapped data include only distant (>= 50 km) recoveries

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Michele Mendi

Long-distance migrant breeding in W Europe to NW Africa. Wintering quarters across a relatively narrow band across tropical West Africa (BirdLife International 2021). Sister species H. icterina, with parapatric E distribution except in overlapping ranges in NE France (Kennerley & Pearson 2010).

Season of assessment

B

Population trendIncreasing
Population size
(min-max, best estimate)
4270000-7070000,5210000
Red List categoryLC
Franks, S., Fiedler, W., Arizaga, J., Jiguet, F., Nikolov, B., van der Jeugd, Ambrosini, R, Aizpurua, O., Bairlein, F., Clark, J., Fattorini, N, Hammond, M., Higgins, D, Levering, H., Skellorn, W., Spina, F, Thorup, K. Walker, J., Woodward, I. and Baillie, S.R. (1) (2022) Online Atlas of the movements of European bird populations. https://migrationatlas.org EURING/CMS (1) Principal investigator
N records N individuals N recoveries
Mapped data*
Total available data
*Mapped data include only distant (>= 50 km) recoveries

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Rob Robinson

Wood Sandpiper breeds in various types of wetland habitats located in the boreal, sub-Arctic and low Arctic zones - peatlands, open swampy areas and marshland. Outside the breeding season it occurs on variety of primarily freshwater habitats but is not generally associated with woodlands. Its breeding range extends from Scotland and Scandinavia to E Siberia and Kamchatka (Van Gils et al. 2020). The European strongholds are in Russia, Finland and Sweden (Keller et al. 2020). It is a N Eurasian-African migrant, wintering mostly in sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East.

Season of assessment

B

Population trendUnknown
Population size
(min-max, best estimate)
2090000-2920000,2480000
Red List categoryLC
Franks, S., Fiedler, W., Arizaga, J., Jiguet, F., Nikolov, B., van der Jeugd, Ambrosini, R, Aizpurua, O., Bairlein, F., Clark, J., Fattorini, N, Hammond, M., Higgins, D, Levering, H., Skellorn, W., Spina, F, Thorup, K. Walker, J., Woodward, I. and Baillie, S.R. (1) (2022) Online Atlas of the movements of European bird populations. https://migrationatlas.org EURING/CMS (1) Principal investigator
N records N individuals N recoveries
Mapped data*
Total available data
*Mapped data include only distant (>= 50 km) recoveries

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Michele Mendi

The species occupies for breeding various types of freshwater or brackish wetlands (both natural and artificial), usually large and shallow, with abundant emergent and submergent vegetation (Keller et al. 2020). It has wide distribution across the Holarctic: W & C North America, from Iceland and most of Europe to Japan and Kamchatka, locally in NW Africa (Leschack et al. 2020).

Eurasian-African/Asian migrant. Strongly migratory in the N of its range, the populations in temperate regions largely resident, like in W & S Europe.

Its population trend in Europe is increasing. Evaluated as “Least Concern” (BirdLife International 2021).

Season of assessment

B

Population trendIncreasing
Population size
(min-max, best estimate)
164000-262000,202000
Red List categoryLC
Franks, S., Fiedler, W., Arizaga, J., Jiguet, F., Nikolov, B., van der Jeugd, Ambrosini, R, Aizpurua, O., Bairlein, F., Clark, J., Fattorini, N, Hammond, M., Higgins, D, Levering, H., Skellorn, W., Spina, F, Thorup, K. Walker, J., Woodward, I. and Baillie, S.R. (1) (2022) Online Atlas of the movements of European bird populations. https://migrationatlas.org EURING/CMS (1) Principal investigator
N records N individuals N recoveries
Mapped data*
Total available data
*Mapped data include only distant (>= 50 km) recoveries
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