Contrôles par Condition for Fauvette épervière

Overall, most (~95%) recoveries are of birds recorded alive, largely recaptures by ringers (~80%). Before 1961, however, most recoveries were of birds found dead (including shot), sick or wounded (overall, ~50%, together with an additional 20% of birds recovered under unknown circumstances). This pattern changed during 1961-1990, with the percentage of birds found dead, sick or wounded falling to <10%. From 1991 to present, almost all recoveries are of birds recaptured in ringing campaigns.

Annual Movements for Fauvette épervière

First movements after breeding occur in Jul/Aug, which is confirmed by birds tagged with geolocators in Sweden (Edman 2016). The median trapping date in autumn in Sweden is mid-Aug, and in spring late May (Fransson 1995). Passage through the E Mediterranean in autumn is mostly Jul-Sep (median mid-Sep) (Fransson 1995), and in spring is Apr-May. Geolocators reveal that brids reach the Sahelian belt in Sep, staging and then leaving for the wintering sites by Nov (Edman 2016). They leave the winter quarters in late Mar-Apr, arrivnig back on the breeding grounds in Apr-May.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Fauvette épervière

See ‘Annual movements’.

Contrôles par Condition for Plongeon catmarin

Two thirds of encounters are from birds reported dead, without geographical pattern. Few shot or intentionally taken, mostly in France, but 16% drowned in fishing nets. Oil victims decreased from 40% pre-1960 to few percent now. Remarkably for this species, almost one third of recoveries refer to ringing recoveries, all on Shetlands, or birds of which rings were read in the field, nearly all in Finland.

Annual Movements for Plongeon catmarin

From November to end March, birds are scattered along coasts of UK and W Europe, occasionally on inland waters in C Europe. From mid-April, birds concentrate in S Finland and N.  Scotland and Shetland, wintering sites in UK and W Europe largely vacated. From mid-May also at scattered locations further N in Fennoscandia. Begin Sept first birds move S, begin Oct Fennoscandia vacated, small concentration in Skagerak. Begin November all birds in wintering areas again.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Plongeon catmarin

Birds early in the breeding season in May, June in NW and N Europe mainly connect to relatively close-by sites within the season, representing post-fledging or (post-)breeding dispersal. Birds later in the breeding season in July, Aug in NW and N Europe connect to wintering sites in UK and W Europe in Nov-Mar, occasionally later (Apr-Jun). Birds wintering in Denmark Sep-mar connect to breeding site in Sweden in Jul-Aug and Finland in May-Aug. Winter dispersal in C Europe limited to Nov-Feb.

Contrôles par Condition for Merle à plastron

Annual number of encounters increased from about 15 before 1960 to 56 in 1968. Then they decreased to 10 - 25 between 1977 and 2007. From 2008 numbers increased again to maximum of  79 in 2017. Most encounters are from 28 September to 28 October. Also many encounters in spring between 11 April and 31 May.
Until 1960 about 88% of recoveries were dead birds, including about 57% shot birds. Between 1960 and 1990 the percentage dead birds was still relatively high with 81%, including 49% shot. After 1990 about 13% concerned dead birds, including 3% shot birds. Most birds were shot in France and E Spain, furthermore also in Morocco, Algeria and N Italy.

Annual Movements for Merle à plastron

In Jan - Feb most birds are near the Mediterranean coast of France and Spain or in Morocco and Algeria, a few birds stay in the UK, S Norway and NW Europe. In Mar they start moving N, but most birds are still in S Europe. In Apr most birds have arrived in the breeding areas in UK and the first birds arrived in S Scandinavia and in C and S Europe, but many still migrating in W and S Europe or still in N Africa. From May - Aug the birds are in the breeding areas. In Sep most birds have left Scandinavia, about 50% of the birds have left UK. Many birds have reached S Europe in Sep but some migrating in NW Europe. In Oct the first birds reached N Africa, most birds are in S Europe but also birds migrating in NW Europe and UK. In Nov - Dec most birds are in S France, N Italy, SE Spain and Morocco.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Merle à plastron

Birds from Scandinavia are most times reported in S France from Oct - Apr; there are also recoveries in the UK in Oct and Apr, in C Europe and N Italy in Oct, in E Spain in Oct - Nov, in Morocco in Jan - Mar and in Algeria in Oct and Jan - Apr. Birds from the UK have most recoveries in SW and SE France from Oct - Apr. They are also reported in E Spain from Oct - Mar, in Morocco from Nov - Apr, in Algeria in Oct and Mar, in Germany in Jun and Italy in Oct, Nov and Mar. Birds from C and S Europe have recoveries in SE France and E Spain from Oct - Apr and in Morocco from Jan - Apr. Tracking indicates two-thirds of birds from the Alps winter in Morocco, one-third in Spain (Barras et al 2021). 

Contrôles par Condition for Goéland railleur

Overall, most recoveries (58%) due to birds seen alive, identified by other means (from these most from leg ring(s)). Shots represent a small fraction (7.2%). By periods, however, the proportion of birds found dead by shooting passed from 38% before 1960 to 1.8% from 1991 to present. Nowadays, most recoveries (68%) come from birds seen alive thanks to colour-ring projects in several colonies through the species’ distribution range.

Annual Movements for Goéland railleur

Leaves breeding quarters in Jul. Recoveries in winter quarters mostly from Oct to Mar, though some birds already reach these areas in Aug, and remain there until Apr. Spring migration takes place from Feb to May.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Goéland railleur

Similar temporal patterns between regions, so see ‘Annual movements’.

Contrôles par Condition for Cygne siffleur

Most encounters after 1980, with clear peak from 2016, and mainly during winter months in Western Europe. Small peak in August caused by ringing activities during moult in breeding area. Nearly all encounters refer to rings or colour marks being read in the field. Reports of shot birds very rare, and all but one from Russia.

Annual Movements for Cygne siffleur

In November – February, all encounters concentrated in UK, Netherlands, NW Belgium and northern Germany, with occasional encounters further south. First movements towards NE along Elbe river and in Denmark begin March, Poland mid-March and first encounters Baltic end March. Low countries vacated by end March. Encounters scattered in Poland and Baltic, Finnish Gulf, Russian lakes and White Sea reached by end April. Few encounters in May, concentration in Russian breeding area from mid-May to end August. Nearly all encounters end September - begin October in Northern Baltic, move into southern Baltic and low countries by mid-October.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Cygne siffleur

Encounters in winter in UK mainly connected to wintering sites in low countries in previous or subsequent winters suggesting frequent exchange. Few connections with Baltic. Birds in winter in Western and Central Europe show well connected network among main wintering sites within the area and are strongly connected to Baltic in April and October, and to Russian breeding area in May- August. A colour-marked Bewick’s swan caught on Iceland in its second calendar year in July and subsequently observed in Western Europe many times constitutes a rare exception to the pattern.

Contrôles par Condition for Bécasseau de Temminck

Most encounters are obtained after the early 1990s. They come mainly from the mid- to late breeding season, peaking in Jun-Aug (85% combined). Most encounters in May-Jul are based primarily on adults while those from Aug – mainly juveniles. Majority of encounters are recorded in N & C Europe (85 and 8% respectively). The encounters based on dead birds decreased markedly over time: from 94% pre-1960 to less than 1% after 1991; those based on alive birds considerably increased from virtually 0% before 1960 to 99% after 1991. The latter is mostly due to ringing recoveries, and especially to colour mark records (33% of all encounters). Shooting as а factor has been largely reduced from 78% pre-1960 to practically 0% after 1991; most historical data come from the W Mediterranean.

Annual Movements for Bécasseau de Temminck

Post-breeding dispersal and autumn migration start as early as Jul, adults usually precede juveniles. S Europe and the Mediterranean region are reached mostly in Aug-Sep, but some encounters from Oct-Nov also exist. S European and N/NW African encounters from Dec-Feb suggest possible overwintering in those regions. Departure from African wintering grounds is mid-Mar to April (Delany et al. 2009). The number of encounters in the Mediterranean region start to increase from mid-Apr and the breeding grounds are occupied May-Jun.

Tracked S Norwegian breeders left their breeding sites in late Jul and overwintered in Mali from Sep to late Apr/early May, most likely in the Niger River Basin or surrounding areas; in spring, after stopping over in coastal Algeria, the breeding grounds were reached back in early Jun (Lislevand, Hahn, 2015).

Connectivité par mois par région pour Bécasseau de Temminck

Dispersal movements after the breeding season start in mid-summer, the autumn migration being intensive in late summer and early autumn with numerous encounters in C & S Europe. Mediterranean region & S Europe hold very few encounters from mid- to late autumn. Small number of birds possibly overwinter in SW/S Europe and NW/N Africa, based on a limited number of recoveries from early to late winter.

Extrapolation of the overall migration direction of the birds passing through S Sweden indirectly supports the data showing wintering grounds of the species in W Africa (Hedenström, 2004).

Concentration of encounters in NE Italy (Po Delta), S Italy and S France (Camargue) possibly indicate important stopover areas in the Mediterranean region.

A bird ringed in S France has been encountered in Benin (W Africa) in Mar (Delany et al. 2009).

Contrôles par Condition for Guifette moustac

Most encounters are obtained during the late 2010s. Majority of them are recorded in C Europe (92%), primarily during the period Jun-Aug (87%). Just couple of encounters prior to 1960. The encounters based on dead birds markedly decreased over time: from 71% during 1961-1990 to less than 1% after 1991; those based on alive birds considerably increased from 3% in 1961-1990 to 99% after 1991. The latter is mostly due to ringing recoveries, and especially to colour ring resightings. Shooting was an important factor in the past only (34% of all recoveries during the period 1961-1990).

Annual Movements for Guifette moustac

Post-breeding dispersal and autumn migration movements start in late Jul (Gochfeld et al. 2020) but are more evident in Aug-Sep – by this time W European breeders are encountered SW from their breeding grounds, mostly in Spain, some birds remaining in SW Europe until Nov. Birds breeding in SW Europe are encountered in W Africa as early as Aug (Mali), the wintering grounds near the Gulf of Guinea (Ghana) are reached in Sep with encounters until Nov. Spring encounters from Apr (Senegal) and May (Mali) indicate possible return migration routes; spring records exist also from Tunisia (Mar), Italy (Apr) and Hungary (May). Local short-distance movement in Dec suggests wintering in S Spain.

C European breeders migrate mostly SE, with encounters during migration and winter in Israel (Sep, Jan) and E Africa (Kenya, Dec).

Connectivité par mois par région pour Guifette moustac

Genetic evidence supports the existence of two distinct (W & E) subpopulations in Europe, which markedly differ in wintering distribution and seasonal migratory routes (Dayton et al. 2017). Dispersal movements are prominent from late summer. W European population takes SW routes, with encounters mainly in Spain, sometimes until late autumn. SW European breeders migrate mostly S towards W Africa where are encountered from late summer to mid-autumn. Return migration records (early to late spring) are spread from W Africa to C Mediterranean and C Europe. Local encounters in Spain in Dec indicate overwintering. Long-distance recoveries of the birds breeding in C Europe suggest SE direction of autumn migration, with winter encounters in the E Mediterranean & E Africa.

Return migration is mostly mid- to late spring.

Contrôles par Condition for Engoulevent d’Europe

Until 1960, almost all recoveries were of dead birds, including some which had been shot. Since 1990 almost all recoveries are of birds recaptured by ringers due to increased efforts at breeding sites, and the development of migration camps in Mediterranean countries.

Annual Movements for Engoulevent d’Europe

Movements mainly known from light logger data (Cresswell and Edwards 2013; Evens et al. 2017; Evens et al. 2017). Birds from NW have a loop migration crossing the western Mediterranean in early Oct, then moving to S/SE to cross the central Sahara and reach the N of the Gulf of Guinea, before moving E to the winter range in continental Central Africa. In spring, they return via W Africa before heading north to Iberia. Birds from N and C Europe take a straighter route over the eastern Mediterranean, both in autumn and spring, heading directly towards southern tropical Africa (Norevik et al. 2017).

Connectivité par mois par région pour Engoulevent d’Europe

Movements from NW and N Europe start at the end of Aug, all birds have left by the end of Sep. Individuals are seen in S Europe in April and start to return to NW and N breeding sites in  early May; all are back by early Jun. Birds breeding in W Europe show a similar pattern those in NW Europe. In autumn, birds move through continental Europe throughout Sep, consistent with crossing the Mediterranean and Sahara in early Oct, after a stopover of e.g. 10 days in the Mediterranean basin (Evens et al. 2017). Autumn migration takes approximately two months, with birds arriving at the end of Oct. In spring, departures from winter grounds start from the end of Feb and continue through Mar.

Contrôles par Condition for Harle huppé

Game species in Fennoscandia, Denmark, Iceland, Russia; it has been hunted until recently (2016) in Malta. Most encounters obtained during the breeding season in early summer – ca. 65% in Jun-Jul. In total, the share of encounters based on alive birds forms about half (48%) of all cases; however, it fluctuates from 15% pre-1960s, about half (ca. 53%) during 1961-1990 to ca. 47% after 1991. Inversely, dead recoveries largely decreased from about 77% before 1960 to ca. 44-46% during the following periods. Shooting’s share dropped from ca. 37% of all cases pre-1960 to ca. 10% after 1991. Some recoveries are based on drowning in fishing nets – 9% of all dead birds found in Denmark (Bønløkke et al. 2006), 29% in Finland (Saurola et al. 2013).

Most encounters obtained between mid-1960s and mid-1970s, mainly in N & C Europe (ca. 90%).

Annual Movements for Harle huppé

The species undergoes a flightless wing-moulting period in Aug-Sep (Craik et al. 2020). The largest known moulting area in Europe is in Denmark (Scott, Rose, 1996). Females and immatures start autumn migration earlier than males (Craik et al. 2020). Post-breeding movements of the Fennoscandian birds start in Aug but are more evident in Sep-Oct; the wintering grounds in the Black Sea and W Europe are reached as early as Oct. Spring migration in the Baltic Sea region is active in Mar-Apr (Skov et al. 2011). Breeding sites in Fennoscandia are reached in late Apr and May. British Isles breeders overwinter on local coastal waters, some moving as far as Denmark and Norway; local birds are joined by wintering birds from the Iceland mostly in Dec-Jan. Black Sea population overwinters locally dispersed (Sep-Feb). Single birds remain in their wintering areas until Apr-May.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Harle huppé

The bulk of birds breeding in Fennoscandia are encountered from early autumn until late spring primarily in the region of Baltic and North Seas (including the straits in between), where they join the local residents from Denmark, Germany and S Sweden. The remainder Fennoscandian breeders take longer routes to spend the winter along the Atlantic Coast of W Europe, Mediterranean Sea, SE Europe and Black Sea. C European breeders (Germany) are found wintering along the coasts of Mediterranean Sea and W Europe from early autumn to early spring. Bird breeding in S Ukraine are found during autumn and winter primarily in the Black Sea basin.

Icelandic breeders are recorded during the winter on the coastal waters of British Isles; stragglers are recorded in E Greenland (Nov) and The Netherlands (Lyngs 2003).

Contrôles par Condition for Pie-grièche à tête rousse

Most recoveries are after 2000 and are mainly during the breeding season and migration (85% in Apr-Aug) and mostly in SW Europe (~69%). The percentage of recoveries of dead birds has decreased from 75% pre-1961 to 3% after 1991; those of live birds increased from 17% before 1961 to 96% after 1991. Shooting was an important factor in the past - 29% pre-1961 and 18% in 1961-90. Nowadays, the majority of recoveries are recaptures by ringers. Shrikes are among the numerous birds illegally trapped and killed annually in the Mediterranean (Brochet et al. 2016). Most distant (>=50 km) recoveries are located around the C & W Mediterranean, there are very few long-distance recoveries of Е populations (nominate ssp. and niloticus).

Annual Movements for Pie-grièche à tête rousse

Pre-migratory movements start in Jun (Harris & Frankiln 2000) and migration Jul-Aug; adults leaving first (Cramp & Perrins 1993). SW European breeders are in NW Africa (Morocco, Algeria & Tunisia) in both autumn (Sep-Nov) and (mostly) spring (Mar-May). C European populations migrate mainly SW, with encounters in France, the Iberian Peninsula and NW Africa mostly in Aug-Sep, very few from Oct-Nov. There is a recovery from the Sahel wintering grounds (Sudan) in Oct. Return migration starts Feb (rarely Jan), peaking in Mar-Apr. Spring migration through the W Mediterranean and NW Africa is from mid-Mar to the end of May (mostly early April to mid-May), the nominate race migrating about 13 days later than ssp. badius (Gargallo et al. 2011). Breeding grounds are usually occupied in Apr-May.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Pie-grièche à tête rousse

Post-breeding dispersal happens mid- to late summer with most birds having left breeding sites in early autumn. The Spanish population is found from Morocco to Tunisia in early to late autumn and early to late spring. The German population was intensively studied in the 1950-60s, resulting in encounters mainly in late summer and early autumn in W & SW Europe and NW Africa (rarely in mid- or even late autumn). Birds breeding in SC Europe are encountered mostly in early to late spring in N Africa. Spring migration usually starts in late winter, it is more pronounced in early to mid-spring, and some of the breeding grounds are reached in late spring. Some W populations possibly make a loop migration, with their spring recoveries being further E than autumn recoveries (Yosef & ISWG 2020).