Contrôles par Condition for Bec-croisé des sapins

Overall, most (ca. 95%) recoveries due to birds seen alive, chiefly from ringing. Before 1960, however, most recoveries (ca. 60%) were due to birds found dead (including shot), sick or wounded. This pattern already changed during the period 1961-1990, when the percentage of birds found dead, sick or wounded felt to ca. 30%. From 1990 to present the highest majority of recoveries come from birds recaptured for ringing. 

Annual Movements for Bec-croisé des sapins

Irruptions normally happen in summer, when previous year crop is coming to the end and when the new crop is forming. Crossbills captured in passage in Switzerland in Sep, recaptured thereafter in S France/Iberia some months/week later. Breeding occurs in late-winter/spring, when cones open.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Bec-croisé des sapins

See ‘Annual movement’.

Contrôles par Condition for Rousserolle des buissons

Over 95% of all recoveries are of recaptured birds (99% since 1991), with just 1% found dead/sick/injured

Annual Movements for Rousserolle des buissons

Insufficient data to properly describe annual movements. Available data show summer displacements in Europe (most encounters in Jun-Jul), due to dispersal, as shown in the ‘Overall connectivity patterns’ section.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Rousserolle des buissons

See ‘Overall connectivity patterns’.

Contrôles par Condition for Guifette noire

More than one-third of re-encounters are ring recoveries, mainly from the Netherlands, Germany, Sweden and Italy, some also W Africa. Most are from after 1960. Another one-third are birds that were identified by other means, e.g. colour rings, which have been applied widely in the Netherlands, Germany and Poland, where also most of the recoveries are from. About a quarter of the recoveries are from shot birds, occurring in Spain, Italy, SE and E Europe and Russia. Just two birds were reported shot after 1990.

Annual Movements for Guifette noire

Virtually all recoveries in Africa from mid Oct - Mid Mar. First birds in Italy begin Apr, mass arrival end Apr, then also first birds appear elsewhere in Europe. Birds moving NE through Europe to Baltic, Fennoscandia, Russia through May and begin Jun. No recoveries in Africa from end May to end Aug. Concentrations in all breeding areas in Jun-Jul, by end Jul Fennoscandia vacated, concentration in Netherlands mid Aug, still scatter of recoveries over wide range in Aug, but rapid decline in Sep, with just few recoveries in Spain and Italy end Sep, begin Oct. By end Oct all birds back in Africa.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Guifette noire

Birds in Apr-May in W Europe show only local movements, birds in W Europe in Jun-Oct nearly all on Lake IJsselmeer, Netherlands, connecting to breeding sites in C Europe, S Sweden, S Finland, Baltic and W Russia in May-Jul, to S France and Iberia in Aug-Oct, and from there on to Mauretania Sep-Nov, and to Gulf of Guinea or Namibia Oct-Mar. Again Mauretania in Apr-May, some connections to Italy Apr-May, suggesting loop migration. Birds in N Italy in spring Apr-May connect to Senegal Sep-Nov or Gulf of Guinea in Oct-Apr and on to E Europe and W Asia in May-Sep. Fewer birds in Jun-Sep showing large scatter in connections. Very few connections straight from breeding grounds to Africa, nearly all via IJsselmeer or Italy.

Contrôles par Condition for Tourterelle des bois

Despite its long-term decline, the species is still hunted and most recoveries are of shot individuals. However, the development of demographic studies means that 45% of the recoveries have been of live birds since 1991. There was a peak in recoveries in the mid-1960s, then a continuous decline related to the similar decline in Turtle Dove numbers overall. The majority of recoveries of hunted Turtle Doves were in the 1960s and 1970s.

Annual Movements for Tourterelle des bois

There is currenlty no evidence of strong connectivity between the wintering grounds in the Sahel and breeding regions, so it is possible that wintering Turtle Doves spread across the Sahel, whatever their origin, and that breeding populations across Europe are panmictic (mating is not structured; Calderón et al. 2016). The precise delimitation of migration divides is not yet totally clear, especially in the S regions, from France to the Balkans.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Tourterelle des bois

The timing of migration is similar along all flyways. Birds are on the breeding grounds in Jun-Jul and in their S distribution ranges in Sep-Apr. S migration starts in Aug, with a peak in mid-Sep in S Europe. N migration continues into May. High numbers are hunted on passage in Sep, Apr and May, hence the timing of recoveries largely depends on hunting activities.

Contrôles par Condition for Engoulevent à collier roux

Numerous road casualties (more than one third) beyond ringing recaptures before 1960, but almost only ringing casualties after 1990.

Annual Movements for Engoulevent à collier roux

Birds on the move between Iberia and Africa have been re-encountered mainly in April and October. There is no recovery in Europe in November and March.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Engoulevent à collier roux

Movements between Iberia to Africa most likely through the straits of Gibraltar, as recoveries during the first two decades of April and during October are all concentrated in this region. Most northern breeding sites deserted by early October and reoccupied from early May.

Contrôles par Condition for Goéland bourgmestre

Overall, most recoveries are due to birds seen alive, identified by other means than ringing (64%). The proportion of dead recoveries by shooting is only 5.3% but this category represented 75% of the recoveries in the pre-1960 time period. This category decreased down to 68% between 1961-1990 and had a great decrease down to 3.9% in the 1991-to present time period. Nowadays, recoveries due to birds seen alive represent >90% of the total.

Annual Movements for Goéland bourgmestre

Southwards movements start soon after breeding, in Aug up to Oct. Recoveries in winter quarters mostly from Oct to Mar (most from Nov to Feb). Return to breeding area in Apr-May (Olsen & Larsson 2004).

Connectivité par mois par région pour Goéland bourgmestre

See ‘Annual movements’.  

Contrôles par Condition for Grande Aigrette

Migration to winter grounds starts in Aug/Sep, and return to breeding colonies is detected in Mar. In May, most birds are found at their breeding areas, with the exception of those which remain as non-breeders in non-breeding places. A remarkable number of birds spend the winter in or near their breeding sites, a behavior likely promoted in case of warm winters, which hence would be expected to be increase with the climate warming.

Annual Movements for Grande Aigrette

Migration to winter grounds starts in Aug/Sep, and return to breeding colonies is detected in Mar. In May, most birds are found at their breeding areas, with the exception of those which remain as non-breeders in non-breeding places. A remarkable number of birds spend the winter in or near their breeding sites, a behavior likely promoted in case of warm winters, which hence would be expected to be increase with the climate warming.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Grande Aigrette

Recoveries in the S-Central, SE and SW region mostly belong to individuals ringed in E Europe. Ringing is done mainly from May to Jun. Recoveries in SW Europe happen mainly from Oct to Mar, but there are encounters throughout the whole annual cycle. Those in summer mostly due to non-breeding immature birds that stay their first summer in their wintering areas. A similar pattern for the S-Central region. Few recoveries for the SE region, curiously most of them obtain in summer (Jun).

Contrôles par Condition for Héron garde-bœufs

Most recoveries in SW Europe-NW Africa due to birds found dead, with more or less similar proportions between those dead by shot and those found sick/wounded. An also remarkable proportion of recoveries is associated to unknown causes, but most of these might be due to birds found dead. In N Italy, however, a proportionally higher proportion of the recoveries are due to birds seen alive. Probably this is linked with the fact that the colonization of this region was more recent as compared to SW Europe, and the use of colour-rings in newer projects tends to be more generalized.

Annual Movements for Héron garde-bœufs

The different nature of all the dispersal movements (post-breeding, natal, maybe breeding dispersal as well) occurring within the same geographical area adds difficulty to establish clear patterns for the annual movements. Recoveries outside the chief ringing sites occur mostly from Sep to Apr, so dispersal or birds from their breeding quarters to non-breeding quarters may be in Aug-Sep, with a return to the breeding colonies in late-winter or spring, probably well before Apr.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Héron garde-bœufs

In SW Europe, egrets ringed in SW Iberia disperse mostly to SW Iberia-NW Africa. Recoveries in NW Africa mostly from Sep to Apr, reflecting post-breeding dispersal. Recoveries obtained in late-spring or summer elsewhere could reflect natal dispersal from surveyed colonies. This dispersal is random, within a distance of normally less than 500 km. Birds ringed in E Iberia constitute a well differentiated population, dispersing mostly along the coast from E Iberia to S France, with some recoveries in E Morocco. No recoveries of birds of C-S Europe (N Italy) outside this region. Monthly dispersal pattern rather similar to that observed for the SW European population. Mean dispersal distances of ca. 200 km, without variations between age classes.

Contrôles par Condition for Busard Saint-Martin

Annual Movements for Busard Saint-Martin

Connectivité par mois par région pour Busard Saint-Martin

Contrôles par Condition for Coucou gris

Approximately half of the encounters refer to birds recovered dead, of which the majority were not shot or otherwise intentionally taken. Some 39% of encounters refers to ringing recoveries, but has increased especially in recent decades. Until 1990, approximately half of the encounters referred to birds found sick or wounded, while more recently this category made up less than 20% of encounters. Bird are mainly shot at stopovers in S Europe and N Africa.

Annual Movements for Coucou gris

Long-distance migrant spending only a very limited time at the European breeding grounds, arriving in late Apr and initiating southward migration already in late Jun. Migrates to C African wintering grounds via stopovers in the Baltic, S Europe, N Africa and the Sahel. Arrival at wintering grounds in Nov – Dec. Northward migration initiated in Feb. Satellite tracking revealed clockwise loop migration for all populations, with the northward route always being west of the southward route (Willemoes et al. 2014).

Connectivité par mois par région pour Coucou gris

Connections are restricted to movements within Europe as encounters from the wintering grounds are largely lacking. Cuckoos are present at the European breeding grounds between Apr – Jul and most encounters are from this period. Connections between Iberia and Italy and more northern areas in Feb suggests the northward migration route. During southward migration in Jul – Sep, birds from the British Isles, the Low Countries and France connect to Iberia, Italy and the Balkans. Fennoscandian and C European populations connect to Italy and the Baltic during Jul – Sep and do not use the route via Iberia.