Recuperaciones por condición para Fumarel común

More than one-third of re-encounters are ring recoveries, mainly from the Netherlands, Germany, Sweden and Italy, some also W Africa. Most are from after 1960. Another one-third are birds that were identified by other means, e.g. colour rings, which have been applied widely in the Netherlands, Germany and Poland, where also most of the recoveries are from. About a quarter of the recoveries are from shot birds, occurring in Spain, Italy, SE and E Europe and Russia. Just two birds were reported shot after 1990.

Movimientos anuales para Fumarel común

Virtually all recoveries in Africa from mid Oct - Mid Mar. First birds in Italy begin Apr, mass arrival end Apr, then also first birds appear elsewhere in Europe. Birds moving NE through Europe to Baltic, Fennoscandia, Russia through May and begin Jun. No recoveries in Africa from end May to end Aug. Concentrations in all breeding areas in Jun-Jul, by end Jul Fennoscandia vacated, concentration in Netherlands mid Aug, still scatter of recoveries over wide range in Aug, but rapid decline in Sep, with just few recoveries in Spain and Italy end Sep, begin Oct. By end Oct all birds back in Africa.

Conectividad por mes por región para Fumarel común

Birds in Apr-May in W Europe show only local movements, birds in W Europe in Jun-Oct nearly all on Lake IJsselmeer, Netherlands, connecting to breeding sites in C Europe, S Sweden, S Finland, Baltic and W Russia in May-Jul, to S France and Iberia in Aug-Oct, and from there on to Mauretania Sep-Nov, and to Gulf of Guinea or Namibia Oct-Mar. Again Mauretania in Apr-May, some connections to Italy Apr-May, suggesting loop migration. Birds in N Italy in spring Apr-May connect to Senegal Sep-Nov or Gulf of Guinea in Oct-Apr and on to E Europe and W Asia in May-Sep. Fewer birds in Jun-Sep showing large scatter in connections. Very few connections straight from breeding grounds to Africa, nearly all via IJsselmeer or Italy.

Recuperaciones por condición para Chotacabras cuellirrojo

Numerous road casualties (more than one third) beyond ringing recaptures before 1960, but almost only ringing casualties after 1990.

Movimientos anuales para Chotacabras cuellirrojo

Birds on the move between Iberia and Africa have been re-encountered mainly in April and October. There is no recovery in Europe in November and March.

Conectividad por mes por región para Chotacabras cuellirrojo

Movements between Iberia to Africa most likely through the straits of Gibraltar, as recoveries during the first two decades of April and during October are all concentrated in this region. Most northern breeding sites deserted by early October and reoccupied from early May.

Recuperaciones por condición para Gavión hiperbóreo

Overall, most recoveries are due to birds seen alive, identified by other means than ringing (64%). The proportion of dead recoveries by shooting is only 5.3% but this category represented 75% of the recoveries in the pre-1960 time period. This category decreased down to 68% between 1961-1990 and had a great decrease down to 3.9% in the 1991-to present time period. Nowadays, recoveries due to birds seen alive represent >90% of the total.

Movimientos anuales para Gavión hiperbóreo

Southwards movements start soon after breeding, in Aug up to Oct. Recoveries in winter quarters mostly from Oct to Mar (most from Nov to Feb). Return to breeding area in Apr-May (Olsen & Larsson 2004).

Conectividad por mes por región para Gavión hiperbóreo

See ‘Annual movements’.  

Recuperaciones por condición para Garceta grande

Migration to winter grounds starts in Aug/Sep, and return to breeding colonies is detected in Mar. In May, most birds are found at their breeding areas, with the exception of those which remain as non-breeders in non-breeding places. A remarkable number of birds spend the winter in or near their breeding sites, a behavior likely promoted in case of warm winters, which hence would be expected to be increase with the climate warming.

Movimientos anuales para Garceta grande

Migration to winter grounds starts in Aug/Sep, and return to breeding colonies is detected in Mar. In May, most birds are found at their breeding areas, with the exception of those which remain as non-breeders in non-breeding places. A remarkable number of birds spend the winter in or near their breeding sites, a behavior likely promoted in case of warm winters, which hence would be expected to be increase with the climate warming.

Conectividad por mes por región para Garceta grande

Recoveries in the S-Central, SE and SW region mostly belong to individuals ringed in E Europe. Ringing is done mainly from May to Jun. Recoveries in SW Europe happen mainly from Oct to Mar, but there are encounters throughout the whole annual cycle. Those in summer mostly due to non-breeding immature birds that stay their first summer in their wintering areas. A similar pattern for the S-Central region. Few recoveries for the SE region, curiously most of them obtain in summer (Jun).

Recuperaciones por condición para Garcilla bueyera

Most recoveries in SW Europe-NW Africa due to birds found dead, with more or less similar proportions between those dead by shot and those found sick/wounded. An also remarkable proportion of recoveries is associated to unknown causes, but most of these might be due to birds found dead. In N Italy, however, a proportionally higher proportion of the recoveries are due to birds seen alive. Probably this is linked with the fact that the colonization of this region was more recent as compared to SW Europe, and the use of colour-rings in newer projects tends to be more generalized.

Movimientos anuales para Garcilla bueyera

The different nature of all the dispersal movements (post-breeding, natal, maybe breeding dispersal as well) occurring within the same geographical area adds difficulty to establish clear patterns for the annual movements. Recoveries outside the chief ringing sites occur mostly from Sep to Apr, so dispersal or birds from their breeding quarters to non-breeding quarters may be in Aug-Sep, with a return to the breeding colonies in late-winter or spring, probably well before Apr.

Conectividad por mes por región para Garcilla bueyera

In SW Europe, egrets ringed in SW Iberia disperse mostly to SW Iberia-NW Africa. Recoveries in NW Africa mostly from Sep to Apr, reflecting post-breeding dispersal. Recoveries obtained in late-spring or summer elsewhere could reflect natal dispersal from surveyed colonies. This dispersal is random, within a distance of normally less than 500 km. Birds ringed in E Iberia constitute a well differentiated population, dispersing mostly along the coast from E Iberia to S France, with some recoveries in E Morocco. No recoveries of birds of C-S Europe (N Italy) outside this region. Monthly dispersal pattern rather similar to that observed for the SW European population. Mean dispersal distances of ca. 200 km, without variations between age classes.

Recuperaciones por condición para Aguilucho pálido

Movimientos anuales para Aguilucho pálido

Conectividad por mes por región para Aguilucho pálido

Recuperaciones por condición para Avetorillo común

Over threequarters of all reencounters are from ringing recoveries that nevertheless occur in just four locations; at the Oder river in Eastern Germany, in the Czech Republic, in SW Hungary, and on Sicily, Italy. Another 6.5% refer to birds that were alive but identified by other means, usually at the same or nearby locations. The remaining 18% are dead recoveries, nearly all of which are in C, SC and SE Europe and Africa. Among dead recoveries, shot birds represent 3.5%, mostly in Italy.

Movimientos anuales para Avetorillo común

Reencounters are scarce in Jan – mid Mar, and only in Africa and Spain. From end Mar more recoveries in Spain and Italy, some Middle East. In May, many recoveries in N. and C. Italy, Switzerland and various locations in E. Europe, also scattered in Spain. Not until begin Jun reencounters appear in low countries. Density increases end Jul and Aug in same areas, fading out again in Sep. By begin Oct, hardly any birds N. S.  France and Italy, and reencounters become scarce again by end Oct, mainly occurring in Spain with odd recoveries elsewhere. Migration to and wintering in Africa very much underrepresented in ringing recoveries, wintering in Spain possibly overestimated.

Conectividad por mes por región para Avetorillo común

Birds during breeding in W Europe Jun – Aug connect to within region in Aug – Dec, and to Spain, Morocco Sep – May, or to Italy, Tunisia, Libya Aug – Oct. Birds during breeding in SW Europe Jun – Aug connect to within region Sep – Dec, Morocco and Niger Delta, Mali in Jan. Passage birds in May and Sep connect to low countries in Jun - Jul, Italy Aug - Sep, Austria Sep, Ivory coast Dec and Mali in Mar. Most birds in SC Europe passing through during autumn Sep – Oct or spring Mar – May, all connecting to low countries and C Europe in Jun – Aug. C. European birds show many short-distance connections within the region Jun – Aug, and to Italy in Sep – Nov, Algeria Sep, and Mali and Congo in Apr.

Recuperaciones por condición para Escribano triguero

Highest majority of recoveries (>80%) due to birds found alive, mostly recaptures (ring recoveries; ca. 50%). Before 1960, however, 62% of recoveries were due to birds found dead, sick or wounded, with an additional ca. 20% of birds dead by shot. By then, just <15% of recoveries were due to birds alive. This general picture started to change during 1961-1990 period, with ca. 30% of recoveries due to birds found dead, sick or wounded, with an additional 12% of birds dead by shot. At the same time, almost 50% of recoveries were then due to birds recaptured alive in ringing campaigns. Nowadays, majority of recoveries due to birds seen alive, both recaptured for ringing and identified by other means.

Movimientos anuales para Escribano triguero

Migration in autumn occurs in Oct-Nov. Bird stay in their wintering sites mostly from Nov to Feb. Return back to breeding quarters across much of Europe in Feb/Mar.

Conectividad por mes por región para Escribano triguero

Short-distance recoveries in random directions, associated to local movements (normally <100 km), usual as birds congregate in flocks (they become gregarious) before the winter. . Longer-distance recoveries from W Europe move SW, reaching Iberia with recoveries mainly in Jan-Feb. Birds from C Europe mainly move SW up to SW Iberia. Winter recoveries in S France, to a lesser extent Iberia, mostly from Nov to Feb (arrival to winter quarters in Oct/Nov, departure in Feb/Mar). Birds from SE sector from C Europe probably more likely to move SE, with a recovery in S Greece in Feb.

Recuperaciones por condición para Zarapito trinador

Where the species is hunted (Russia, Denmark, France, Spain and also in the Gulf of Guinea) reooveries are mainly of dead birds, while recoveries on the breeding grounds (notably in Iceland) and also in W Africa are mainly of live birds. There is a progressive switch from mainly recoveries of dead birds before 1961 (79%) to 89% being live birds since 1991, largely due to field observations of colour-marked individuals (36%) and tracking (25%) – the latter creating also a large heterogeneity in the annual numbers of recoveries in the 2000s.

Movimientos anuales para Zarapito trinador

Most islandicus leave Iceland to fly to W Africa in a single oceanic flight with no stopover. Even juveniles fly nonstop in their first autumn migration. However, some birds migrate to the Atlantic coast of Europe, where they can stop, mostly in Aug. The spring migration is more concentrated, in Apr but generally takes longer on average, with groups stopping  in W Europe before moving to the breeding grounds - as seen form the peak of recoveries during the second half of Apr. The ringing data do not document a possible loop migration for Scandinavian or Russian birds, but the data are mainly driven by the ringing effort in countries of the Atlantic coast.

Conectividad por mes por región para Zarapito trinador

Most encounters are of birds breeding in Iceland and islands off Scotland, where birds are present May-Jul. Some birds reach the African wintering grounds in Aug, although others, presumably phaeopus, stage in W Europe, e.g. the Atlantic coast of France. The first adults leave the breeding grounds at the end of Jun mostly Jul, with a peak of encounters during the first week of Aug. Apr records, mainly in France and the British Isles, are islandicus (Gunnarsson & Guðmundsson 2016) but also phaeopus en route to Scandinavia; they stage in S Scandinavia in May and arrive on breeding sites from May. There are few winter recoveries in Europe; most winter encounters are in W Africa (Aug-Apr) - mainly in Senegal and Guinea.

Recuperaciones por condición para Archibebe claro

The recovery conditions are a balance of recaptures, colour ring reads and shot birds, with the classical shift from dead to live re-encounters and increase in numbers from 1950 to the current period.

Movimientos anuales para Archibebe claro

Tagged Scottish birds wintered in the British Isles and Western France, mainly along Irish coasts, and used short-term staging sites during both the southward and northward migrations (Summers et al. 2020). There is evidence for earlier spring migration after warmer winters, but autumn migration delay is not linked to climate (Anthes 2010).

Conectividad por mes por región para Archibebe claro

Birds present in northern Scandinavia in May-July move to southern Scandinavia, the Wadden Sea and northern France in August-September, with recoveries on Mediterranean coasts in October, and records in Africa, but also southern Iberia and Italy, from November to March. Birds of the North-West region are absent from the continent only in May, though present further S and W from August to March.