Recuperaciones por condición para Mochuelo boreal

Currently protected species in Europe. Most encounters were obtained after late 1980s, N Europe being the region holding the bulk of them (ca. 79%). The encounters mainly come from Apr-Jun – 51% (nestbox ringing), and from Sep-Oct (37%, autumn dispersal/ irruptions).

The encounters based on dead birds considerably decreased over time (from 87% pre-1960 to 8% after 1991), while those based on alive birds – markedly increased (from ca. 8% to 91% respectively); the latter is mostly due to ringing encounters. Nestbox encounters keep rather constant share after 1961 (ca. 5%). Encounters based on shot birds are from pre-1960 only (17%). Traffic and collision with glass are among the currently important negative factors.

Most distant recoveries (>=50 km) are less than 550 km from the ringing site.

Movimientos anuales para Mochuelo boreal

Post-natal and autumn movements start in late Jul to early Aug and last usually until Oct, early Nov at latest (Korpimäki, Hakkarainen, 2021). Juveniles from the population in Finland are recorded between Sep and Feb wintering in Scandinavia during invasion, having taken SW, W and even NW routes from the breeding grounds (Saurola et al. 2013). Scandinavian population seems to disperse/ migrate within the peninsula mostly.

Return movements in spring take place between Mar and early May (Noskov et al. 2016).

Similarly to N Europe, large-scale irruptive movements (some nearly 800 km) have been recorded in C Europe as well (Korpimäki, Hakkarainen, 2021).

Although the species is largely resident in S Europe, a long-distance movement of 156 km has been recorded within the Spanish Pyrenees (Malagelada et al. 2007).

Conectividad por mes por región para Mochuelo boreal

Females move much further away in their natal dispersal compared to males – 140 vs. 47.7 km respectively (Newton et al. 2002). Based on data from Fennoscandia during post-natal dispersion and autumn migration juveniles are more frequent than adults, and the sex ratio of juvenile owls is significantly female-biased; in addition, among juveniles, males migrate earlier than females (Hipkiss et al. 2002).

Regular autumn movements are thought to extend at least 500–600 km (Korpimäki, Hakkarainen, 2021).

Post-breeding dispersal and autumn migration movements are evident from mid- to late summer; during invasion, the Finnish birds are mainly encountered from early autumn to late winter SW, W & NW (Sweden and Norway) from their natal sites (Saurola et al. 2013).

Return migration to the breeding grounds takes place early- to late spring.

Recuperaciones por condición para Charrán ártico

About 23% of all re-encounters are ringing recoveries, an almost equal proportion to what is seen in common terns. Birds otherwise identified, e.g. rings being read in the field are uncommon at 6% (common tern 32%), but large increase after 1990, because colour-ringing is relatively new in Arctic tern. Both categories mainly in UK, Belgium, Netherlands and Denmark. Dead birds make up 54% of total, occurring equally across entire range. Shot and intentionally taken birds rare at 5%, mainly in Denmark, France, Spain and W Africa.

Movimientos anuales para Charrán ártico

From mid Nov to end Mar, all recoveries in Africa, except few odd records in Europe. Begin Apr birds appear in Denmark, mid/end Apr Netherlands, British Isles. N Baltic reached begin May, density highest in all breeding areas up to N Norway from mid-Jun, when first birds reach Iceland and Svalbard. Stable until end Jul. Through Aug, density in N Europe decreasing and movement S to France, Spain and first birds reach W Africa, already many there by end Aug. Rapid decline in whole of Europe through Sep, first birds appear S Africa. Mozambique and Australia reached mid Oct, brief concentration Denmark, the last birds leaving Europe until none left mid Nov. End Oct W Africa vacated, birds in Gulf of Guinea and S to Angola, by end Nov most in Southern Africa or beyond.

Conectividad por mes por región para Charrán ártico

Connections in Aug-Sep in all regions show post-breeding movement from Baltic to W coast of Norway, likely overland, Germany/Netherlands, British Isles and W coast of France. Some movements from Baltic towards Black Sea. Nov-Jan connections very rare and local only. Most ringing during breeding Jun-Jul, connecting all regions to coasts of W Africa in Aug-Mar, S Africa in Oct-Mar without variation. NW and N birds also found in Australia and N Zealand in Oct-Dec (Jun), and NW. Birds from Iceland and Sweden found in S America in Nov and Apr. Geolocators show true extent of movements and variation between regions: after rounding S Africa, Baltic and Dutch terns flew to Antarctica reaching 207E, while such movements were much less prominent among Greenland birds (Alerstam et al. 2019).

Recuperaciones por condición para Águila real

Ring recoveries consist of 80% of live birds identified in the field from their ring, but historically most were dead recoveries, even until 1990.

Movimientos anuales para Águila real

Recoveries are mainly from the North, in winter, with also another peak of young birds moving in May-June, and at moderate distances, but up to 1500 kilometres. Immatures are not territorial and more prone to move away from the natal area (Weston et al. 2013). Young females are prominent dispersers and show a more eager exploratory behaviour (Soutullo et al. 2006).

Conectividad por mes por región para Águila real

Birds breeding in the North are in their breeding region from May to August, with first record further South in East Europe in September, then in Central Europe too, from October to March. Birds from East Europe can move to Central Europe at similar dates. Birds from Central Europe are mainly from the Alps and hardly move to more Mediterranean sites in winter.

Recuperaciones por condición para Bisbita pratense

Movimientos anuales para Bisbita pratense

There are many recoveries of North birds obtained in West Europe, along the Wadden Sea; most are obtained from early September to the end of October, with very few later in the winter, so concern birds on the move to more southward wintering destinations. Winter recoveries of these northern birds are mainly from southern Spain and North Africa (Tellería et al. 2014). In spring, most movements occur during April, while some late migrants can be observed until earl May.

Conectividad por mes por región para Bisbita pratense

Most birds of the North-West region have finished the spring migration at the start of April, and will start to move to the continent in early September, leaving their northernmost breeding range (Scotland) during October. Mid-September marks also the start of the southward movements for birds of West, Central and North Europe, which will be on the move in October, and have all reached their wintering grounds after the first decade of November. In spring, most birds are back on the breeding grounds during the last decade of April.

Recuperaciones por condición para Búho chico

Currently protected species in Europe. Most encounters are obtained after the 1970s. C & W Europe hold the bulk of encounters (ca. 35 and 34% respectively), considerable amount of them also in N Europe (19%). The encounters mainly come from May-Jun (ca. 26%) and Oct (13%), most ringed birds are juveniles.

The share of encounters based on dead birds changed little until 1991 (72-83%), then decreased to 47% after 1991. Those obtained due to shooting markedly decreased over time – from 18% pre-1960 to less than one percent after 1991. The encounters based on alive birds considerably increased from ca. 7% pre-1960 to 42%, mostly due to ringing encounters. Traffic is outlined as one of the most important negative factors after 1961 (15-16% of all cases).

Movimientos anuales para Búho chico

In N Europe breeders, post-breeding dispersal lasts from late Jul to early Sep, later replaced by autumn movements till Oct-Nov. Their wintering grounds in W & C Europe are reached as early as Aug-Sep, but in most cases – in Oct-Nov. Return movements to the breeding sites take place in Mar-Apr; some encounters of birds still present in late May on their C European wintering grounds indicate possible late migration to the northernmost populations.

Most birds breeding in E Europe show similar timing in their migratory movements towards W Europe, however, their routes follow E – W direction.

Those birds from the W European breeders which migrate are encountered in SW Europe mostly Nov-Mar, S to N Spain.

Birds from the Icelandic population have been encountered in UK between Nov and May.

Conectividad por mes por región para Búho chico

Longest-distance movements are performed by the populations in N and E Europe. Birds breeding in N European breeding population start their post-breeding dispersal from mid- to late summer, the autumn migration lasting in most cases until mid- to late autumn. They are encountered at their wintering grounds in W & C Europe from late summer, most often – in mid- to late autumn. Return migration to the breeding grounds is evident mainly early- to mid-spring, but sometimes lasting until late spring.

Three distinguished passage waves have been recorded during autumn migration along the Polish Baltic coast, the adults migrating earlier and the immatures – most numerous in the second and third wave (Michalonek et al. 2009). Uneven sex ratios have been recorded in migrating and wintering birds in W & N Europe (Overskaug, Kristiansen, 1994; Erritzøe, Fuller, 1999; Wernham et al. 2002).

Recuperaciones por condición para Ampelis europeo

Most recoveries are after the 2000s, with irregular peaks possibly reflecting invasions, and are mainly outside the breeding season (~99% Oct-Apr). About 85% of all recoveries are in N Europe. Recoveries of dead birds increased from 53% pre-1961 to 70% in 1961-1990, then decreased to 6% after 1991; the percentage of recoveries of live birds has increased  from 9% pre-1961 to 93% after 1990. The latter is mostly due to recaptures and colour-mark resightings (mostly in the British Isles). Although there are no recent reports of shot birds, 15 to 22% of recoveries before 1991 were from shooting (noticeable concentration in SE France & N Italy). During invasions, a surprising number of birds are reported as having hit glass (Winkler 2006).

Movimientos anuales para Ampelis europeo

In non-irruptive years, post-breeding dispersal and migration are largely concentrated in S Fennoscandia and the Baltic region. During invasions, birds mainly move SW, S & SE in autumn. Once wintering sites at lower latitudes are reached, dispersal movements take place in any direction. In irruption years, the wintering grounds are reached as early as Sep (data from C and even S Europe) but normally the numbers build up later, with most encounters from Nov onwards. In spring, return movements are evident usually in Mar-Apr, but some birds are encountered as late as May. Numerous encounters from European Russia, W & C Siberia (mostly Oct-Feb, but also during the breeding season) suggest this is where birds involved in invasions in Europe originate from.

Conectividad por mes por región para Ampelis europeo

In years of irruptions, substantial migratory movements are evident as early as late summer or early autumn. Most encounters of wintering birds at mid-latitudes, sometimes even the Mediterranean region, occur from late autumn through to early to mid-spring, although a few birds are present in late spring. Mainly autumn and winter encounters of birds in NE Europe & Siberia suggest that irruptive birds may come from these areas. The longest-distance recovery is of a bird marked in Hungary and encountered in the Russian Far East (nearly 8,000 km).

Recuperaciones por condición para Ánsar campestre

Classical switch from mainly dead recoveries of shots before 1960 to mainly colour ring reads today, though dead recoveries still the second recovery condition, but less than 6% in frequency. Heterogeneities in temporal patterns of recoveries might ensue from changes in recovery conditions, but also more ring reads during the 1990s. European Taiga Bean Geese historically showed lower survival that Tundra forms, which might be due to heavier hunting pressure (Fox et al. 2021) which may affect our ability to recognise patterns in the two forms.

Movimientos anuales para Ánsar campestre

Breeders from Scandinavia winter in southern Scandinavia, mainly southern Sweden and Denmark, reaching northern Germany, few to the Netherlands. A few birds from Finnmark tracked with GPS wintered in southern Sweden, arriving there during the last decade of September, and leaving in the last decade of April. Most birds wintering in the Netherlands undergo a spring migration to Russia, reaching the Siberian tundra in the third decade of May. Migration to Finnmark mainly coastal, migration to Siberia mainly over the continent.

A recent tracking study provides novel information on movements of Finnish Taiga fabalis (Piironen et al. 2021); satellite-tracked non-breeders and unsuccessfull breeders migrate to the island of Novaya Zemlya in the high Arctic for wing moult, outside the breeding range, for approximately three months; migratory connectivity between breeding and moulting sites was very low; moult migrants began fall migration later in autumn than successful breeders, and their overall annual migration distance was more than twofold that of successful breeders; these tracked fabalis wintered in southern Sweden.

No separation of data from the two forms (tundra/taiga) here, so potential differences in timing between subspecies to be considered carefully (Heinicke 2010), as both forms seem also to locally hybridize (Ottenburghs et al. 2020).

Conectividad por mes por región para Ánsar campestre

No movements of wintering birds from end of November to the end of January, first movements towards southern Scandinavia noted early February, reaching Finland in March, installed in May (Nilsson 2011). Records restricted to northern Siberia after mid-May, so ongoing movements to the far-north during three months. In autumn, first notable movements noted in early September, to be completed during October. Far-eastern Siberian birds are on the move after the Scandinavian birds, and reach their breeding grounds later.

Recuperaciones por condición para Chorlitejo grande

Until 1960 72% of the recoveries were dead birds, including 46% shot birds. From 1961 to 1990 38% concerned dead birds, 20% was shot. From 1991 almost all recoveries concerned alive birds. Most birds were shot at the westcoast of Belgium, France, Portugal, Spain and Morocco. Also in Italy and S France and Russia birds were shot. From 1991 6,7% of the recoveries was read in the field and 7,6% identified by color mark.

Movimientos anuales para Chorlitejo grande

From Nov - Feb hotspots along the coasts of the British Isles, W Europe and Iberia. Also encounters at the coast of Morocco, Senegal and Ghana. In Mar numbers increase in Denmark, the Baltic States, S Scandinavia and in Italy. In Apr numbers decrease in Senegal, Ghana and SW Europe. In Fennoscandia numbers increase. In May big hotspots in the UK and the coasts of the Low Countries and Denmark from passing Tundrae. Birds arrived in Iceland, N Norway, SW Finland and Russia. Few birds left in Morocco and S Europe. In Jun - Jul birds are in their breeding areas. In Aug first birds in C and S Europe and Morocco. In Sep birds have left Iceland and N Norway, first birds in Senegal. In Oct almost no birds in Fennoscandia, most birds along coasts of W Europe and the UK or migrating in C Europe. First birds in Ghana.

Conectividad por mes por región para Chorlitejo grande

Fennoscandian birds are reported from W Europe, the British Isles and Morocco from Aug - Mar and from Ghana between Dec and Feb. Iceland birds are found mainly on the British Isles and W France from Sep – Apr, 1 in Morocco in Oct. Birds from W Iceland are also reported from Iberia in Sep - May. UK breeders are found in SW France, Ireland and S UK from Sep - Mar, in S Spain from Apr - May, in NW Africa south to Ghana from Oct - May. Birds from the Low Countries are reported in the UK from Sep - Nov, W France Sep - Feb, Portugal Aug - Sep. Breeders from Russia were reported from Finland (Aug), Poland, N Germany, Italy and Israel (Sep). Greenland breeders were found in the UK (May and Aug), Belgium (May) and SE Spain (Apr). A bird from Baffin Island (Can) was found in Ireland in Jan.

Recuperaciones por condición para Paloma torcaz

As Wood Pigeon is hunred in most countries, overall about half of all recoveries are of shot birds, with 38% shot from 1991. Before 1991, almost all recoveries were of birds found dead with up to ca. 75% of them being shot in 1961-1990. Since 1991, the percentage of recoveries of birds found alive is ca. 40%.

Movimientos anuales para Paloma torcaz

Mgration towards SW Europe occurs in Sep-Oct, with a main passage through the W Pyrenees (one of the main flyways) in Oct. Encounters from Nov onwards are in the wintering areas, spread across W Europe, from Iberia to NW Germany and the British Isles, where they remain until Feb-Mar. By Mar, there are hardly any encounters in Iberia, and spring migration is active. Birds arrive in the N breeding quarters, in Fennoscandia, Apr-May.

Conectividad por mes por región para Paloma torcaz

Birds from S and W Europe, including the British Isles are mostly resident. The Baltic and N European birds migrate along Atlantic flyway to overwinter in SW Europe, mostly Iberia (birds shot in France are residents; Hobson et al. 2009). Birds leave the breeding grounds in Sep-Oct and peak in the W Pyrenees (with annual counts of >2.5 million birds) in Oct (Cohou et al. 2006). Departure from winter quarters is in Feb-Mar. Similar temporal patterns are seen on the Mediterranean flyway, which is used by birds from E Europe (up to Ukraine), which overwinter in Italyand S France.

Recuperaciones por condición para Carricerín real

Overall, the vast majority of recoveries (99%) are recaptures by ringers. There are extremely few recoveries (N = 5) before 1960; all of which were shot dead or encountered sick/wounded. There were some recoveries of dead individuals during 1961-1990. Since 1991, virtually all recoveries are recaptures.

Movimientos anuales para Carricerín real

Movements to the winter quarters are seen in Oct, but it is likely that some birds left earlier. Birds are back on their breeding sites from Feb, but mainly in Mar. Distances moved are short (especially for the SW population) and it is likely that birds cover the distance between their breeding and wintering areas in just one/a few days.

Conectividad por mes por región para Carricerín real

For the SW population, encounters in Iberia of birds breeding in France are mostly in Oct-Mar, indicating true migratory movements. However, some shorter movements could be dispersal, which can be >100 km (Ceresa et al. 2016). Most individuals, however, seem to be philopatric (Ceresa et al. 2016). Island populations appera to be resident; e.g. birds in the Balearic islands only encountered there (Aymí 1991). For the eastern population, recoveries outside the breeding grounds are mostly in Oct-Mar, with some in Apr, especially in Italy.