Contrôles par Condition for Petit Pingouin

Razorbill is a game species in the Faroes and Iceland, but is protected in most of Europe. Most recoveries are in NW (69%) & N Europe (22%) with 68% in Jun-Jul. Recoveries of birds found dead decreased from 80% pre-1961 to 23% after 1991; those of live birds markedly increased from 5% before 1960 to 77% after 1991. The latter is mostly due to recaptures, including ring resightings. Shooting was an important factor in the past - 33% of all cases pre-1961, but now fewer than 1% of all recoveries are of shot birds. Currently 7% of all recoveries come from by-catch casualties (22% in 1961-1990). The species is vulnerable to oil pollution - now 2% of all cases (11% in 1961-1990).

Annual Movements for Petit Pingouin

After breeding, Razorbills undergo a flightless wing moult (Lavers et al. 2020). N Icelandic breeders moult locally (Aug-Sep) and some remain along the coasts of S Iceland in winter (Linnebjerg et al. 2018).; ohers move towards the Faroes (Oct-Jan). Birds breeding in the British Isles are found along the Atlantic coasts of N, W, and SW Europe, as well as NW Africa (mostly Morocco, but S to Western Sahara and even Mauritania; Isenmann et al. 2010) as early as Sep, most encounters are Nov-Feb. Summer encounters on the wintering grounds are of immature birds. Birds breeding in the Baltic Sea region overwinter locally, mostly in the S & SE part. N European breeders are found along SW & S Scandinavian coasts mainly in Oct-Feb. Breeding sites are reached from late Feb, mostly Mar-Apr (May at latest) (Cherenkov et al. 2016, Noskov et al. 2016).

Connectivité par mois par région pour Petit Pingouin

Post-breeding dispersal starts in mid-summer. Birds breeding in the British Isles migrate and are found along the Atlantic coasts of Europe and NW Africa mostly between mid- to late autumn and late winter. First-winter birds from British colonies tend to migrate farther than adults (North 1980, Wernham et al. 2002). Some immatures stay in the winter quarters during their first summer; the proportion returning increases with age (Lavers et al. 2020). Birds breeding in W Europe and the Baltic Sea region are sedentary or locally dispersive. N European population (N Norway & NW Russia) take SW routes towards S Scandinavia and the Danish straits, where they are encountered primarily from mid-autumn to late winter; some continue as far as the British Isles (records are mostly in late winter to early spring) and France.

Contrôles par Condition for Rousserolle turdoïde

Most recoveries (92%) due to birds recaptured alive (ringing recovery). Recoveries due to birds found dead were relatively frequent before 1960 (ca. 40%, half of which were birds dead by shot), but nowadays virtually lacking.

Annual Movements for Rousserolle turdoïde

Departure from breeding quarters mostly from Jul to Aug. Some birds found to fly direct to Africa from their breeding sites, though most make up to 3 main stopovers in autumn (Horns et al. 2016, Koleček et al. 2016). Arrival to winter quarters from Aug to Oct. Departure from Africa spring in Mar, up to late Apr. Passage across S Europe starts in late Mar, obvious in Apr. Arrival to breeding places from Apr to May (N European populations arrive later than their S counterparts).

Connectivité par mois par région pour Rousserolle turdoïde

See ‘Overall connectivity patterns’.

Contrôles par Condition for Oie rieuse

As for other hunted grey geese, we observe a classical switch from mainly dead recoveries (89%) before 1960 to mainly colour mark reads today (85%), though dead recoveries still the second recovery condition (14%). The large amount of alive recoveries thanks to colour marking in the 2000s drives the general pattern of live re-encounters.

Annual Movements for Oie rieuse

Two wintering families tagged in the Netherlands moved above the continent, with stopovers in Belarus, then moved along the Arctic coast to reach the Taymyr (Kölzsch et al. 2020). Birds tagged in the lower countries in winter migrated to Western siberia and took considerably longer for spring migration (83 days) than autumn migration (42 days) (Kölzsch et al. 2016). Birds tagged in winter in Hungary migrated eastward north of the Black Sea, above North Kazakhstan before turning North to reach the Taymyr. This difference in duration was mainly determined by time spent at stopovers. Tracked flavirostris wintering in Ireland and Scotland departed during the last days of March / first decade of April to reach Iceland where they refuelled, and left Iceland for Greenland during the first week of May, arriving on their breeding grounds two days later.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Oie rieuse

Northwest movements of Siberian birds wintering in the Low Countries start at the end of February, with an obvious concentration of recoveries during April in Central Europe, and moves along the Russian arctic coast in May. Return migration starts in September but occurs mainly in October over Central Europe, with winterers almost all arrived in the lower countries by the end of the month (Kölzsch et al. 2016). Greenland flavirostris is present in Iceland late August-late November, with most present from mid-September to early November.

Contrôles par Condition for Chouette hulotte

Currently protected species in Europe. Most encounters are obtained after the mid-1970s. More than half of all encounters come from N Europe (ca. 51%). The encounters are mainly recorded in Apr-May – ca. 61% (nestbox ringing).

The encounters based on dead birds decreased over time (from 84% pre-1960 to 36% after 1991), while those based on alive birds – markedly increased (from ca. 11% to 61% respectively); the latter is mostly due to ringing encounters (mostly coming from Finland). Unlike many other raptors, shooting was not so frequent as recovery condition in the past (from 7% of all cases pre-1960 to less than 1% afterwards). Traffic is among the currently important negative factors (13% of all cases).

Annual Movements for Chouette hulotte

In N Europe, post-breeding dispersal in juveniles takes place Sep-Nov, sometimes it continues in winter (Dec-Jan). In Feb-Mar they leave the wintering sites in search of breeding territories (Noskov et al. 2016). In temperate areas, dispersal is usually within radius of a few km of natal site; in Fennoscandia, up to 20 km (Holt et al. 2020). In Britain, only 7% of natal dispersal movements in juvenile birds have been of more than 20 km. Adults are strongly territorial throughout the year, the median distance moved is less than 1 km (Wernham et al. 2002). In Finland, both males and females have been found to breed within a radius of 3 km from year to year; the longest distance between two successive nest sites in males being 35 km, while in females – 231 km (Saurola et al. 2013).

Connectivité par mois par région pour Chouette hulotte

In Finland, natal dispersal directions in adult males and females are distributed quite randomly – the respective distances from the natal site to the first recorded breeding site is 14 km (median) in males and 17 km in females. The preferred direction in juveniles during their first autumn and winter (Sep-Feb) movements is S, based on encounters at distances of more than 100 km (Saurola et al. 2013).

Higher dispersal rate and greater movements are recorded on the N fringe of the species range (Scandinavia) – even so, only 7% are encountered more than 100 km away (Wernham et al. 2002).

Juvenile birds in the populations to the N undertake dispersal movements in early- to late autumn and the movements towards the breeding sites usually start from late winter to early spring.

Contrôles par Condition for Corneille noire

Most recoveries from before the 1990s are of dead birds, as Crows are considered to be a pest and are killed across most of Europe. However, the development of colour-ringing programs from the 1990s means that over 80% of distant recoveries are of live birds (and nearly 50% of the total are colour-ring resightings).

Annual Movements for Corneille noire

Most distant movements concern Hooded Crows from N and continental E populations, moving to C, W and SW Europe, although most stay within the cornix breeding distribution. Birds from the British Isles do not move to the continent.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Corneille noire

The monthly figures give little indication of a possible structured phenology of movements or migration. There is some dispersal from C to the SW from mid-Oct to end Feb. Movements from N to W and SW occur mainly in Oct and Apr, with most distant recoveries in Nov-Feb. Movements from the E start in Oct, with last returns in May.

Contrôles par Condition for Rousserolle verderolle

Most recoveries (95%) due to birds recaptured alive (ringing recovery). Extremely few recoveries (N=7) before 1960.

Annual Movements for Rousserolle verderolle

Breeding quarters left from Jul. Passage through Europe still patent until Sep, some recoveries still in Oct. First recoveries in winter quarters in E Africa in Nov, up to Mar. Spring passage obvious in Apr in Europe. Few birds found to overwinter in Europe, especially in W countries.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Rousserolle verderolle

In autumn, recoveries within E Mediterranean area/Arabia mostly in Aug-Sep, up to Oct. Birds passing through Sudan already in Aug. Recoveries from Kenya to South Africa majorly in Dec-Jan, though occurrence at winter quarters from Oct to Mar. Recent literature suggests that Kenya is a stopover area, with E European birds likely moving further S in winter (Prochaska et al 2014). Seemingly loop migration, with a higher proportion of recoveries in spring in Arabia, mostly in May. Interesting recoveries E Africa in Dec-Arabia in May, supporting this loop pattern. Passage across SE Europe detected in May. Ringing at breeding quarters mostly concentrated in Jul-Aug.

Contrôles par Condition for Sittelle torchepot

Most encounters are obtained since 2000. They are generally distributed evenly throughout the year, mostly during autumn and winter. The bulk of encounters are recorded in C, NW, W & N Europe – ca. 95% combined (42, 29, 15 and 9% respectively).

The encounters based on dead birds decreased over the years (from 50% pre-1960 to just 2% after 1991), while those based on alive birds – markedly increased (from ca. 47% to 97% respectively); the latter is mostly due to ringing encounters. Surprisingly, a few recoveries in the past are obtained as a result of shooting. A variety of recovery condition categories related to human activities has been achieved as a result of the numerous urban populations close-existing to humans.

Annual Movements for Sittelle torchepot

The species is strictly resident. Post-breeding dispersal movements are extremely limited, usually within several kilometers; 95% of all birds found dead in UK have been encountered within 15km, mostly within 1km (Wernham et al. 2002). Initial dispersal starts very soon after fledging, while a second peak is noted for Aug-Sep, which involves birds making longer movements (Matthysen 1998).

Based on ringing data in Finland autumn irruptions start in Sep, peaking in mid-Oct, with females showing higher tendency to participate (Saurola et al. 2013). Spring movements are evident in Mar-Apr.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Sittelle torchepot

All populations considered resident, juveniles being more prone to disperse, mostly in N Europe. Post-breeding dispersal often takes place in couple of waves. A distinct preference to the SW direction during dispersal has been noted in juveniles in the Low Countries (Matthysen 1998), but in many cases dispersal movements have no prevailing direction. An increase in natal dispersal distances has been found in more fragmented habitats (Matthysen et al. 1995). The species avoids water crossings and recoveries like the one of a bird marked in France and subsequently found in S Sardinia should be considered exceptional (Spina, Volponi, 2008).

Long-distance movement of an adult marked in E Poland and subsequently found in Moscow region possibly represents a post-invasion withdrawal.

Ringing data from France and SE Europe extremely limited.

Contrôles par Condition for Grimpereau des bois

Most encounters are obtained after 2000. They are generally distributed evenly throughout the year, with two prominent peaks in Sep (13%) and Oct (20%). The bulk of encounters are recorded in NW, C & N Europe – ca. 98% combined (55, 22 and 21% respectively).

There are very few recoveries prior to 1960. After 1961 most of them (93-98%) are based on alive birds, due mostly to ringing activities.

The distribution of alive ringing recoveries primarily along the coasts of Baltic and North Seas (very few placed inland) – based on a sample of only distant (>= 50km) recoveries, probably reflects the network of active ringing stations and observatories.

Annual Movements for Grimpereau des bois

N European (Fennoscandian) breeders take S routes reaching Baltic Sea region as early as Sep, most encounters on the wintering grounds are from Oct (including Moscow region), very few – from Nov-Mar. Encounter of a wintering bird in Slovenia is known from mid-Nov.

Post-breeding dispersal is mostly evident Sep-Nov, starting in Aug in “irruption” years (Harrap 2020). Based on data from S Finland, juveniles migrate earlier than adults (Saurola et al. 2013).

Return migration take place in Mar-Apr, as late as early May in the northernmost populations.

Although C European population is largely resident, a bird marked in W Germany has been encountered wintering in S Spain in Dec.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Grimpereau des bois

Birds breeding in Fennoscandia are encountered on their wintering grounds (Baltic Sea region, rarely W, C & E Europe, exceptionally as S as SC Europe) from early autumn until early spring.

Dispersal movements after breeding season take place normally early to late autumn, but could start as early as late summer in invasion years. Sometimes, juveniles take N direction to disperse, reaching Russian Lapland and White Sea (Harrap 2020). Return migration is evident early- to mid-spring (late spring to the N part of species’ range).

Except for N Europe, most European populations are resident. Danish population is considered sedentary as well (Bønløkke et al. 2006).

Contrôles par Condition for Linotte mélodieuse

The vast majority of recoveries (almost 90%) are of birds found alive, mostly recaptures by ringers (~80%). Before 1991, however, around 40% of recoveries were of birds found dead, sick, wounded or shot. This pattern clearly changed in more-recent years when these fates accounted for less than 5% of recoveries, with ~98% being of birds seen alive, mostly recaptures from ringing.

Annual Movements for Linotte mélodieuse

Migration in autumn starts in Sep in N latitudes, clearly occuring in Oct across much of Europe. Birds stay in their wintering sites mostly Nov-Mar/Apr with return passage, across much of Europe, peaking in Apr. Arrival in the most N breeding quarters may be as late as May.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Linotte mélodieuse

Breeders from W Scandinavia migrate through C Europe mostly in Oct (autumn) or Apr (spring) and are mainly at their wintering sites Nov-Feb. The relatively longer-distance migrants from NW and W Europe are mainly on passage through the W Pyrenees in Oct, and then overwinter in Iberia. In  S England and France most movements are short-range. The concentration of encounters in Belgium is mainly due to birds on passage from Scandinavia, en route to SW Europe. Breeders from C Europe are found from E Iberia to Italy in Nov-Feb; those from E Europe are encountered from southern France to the Black sea area.

Contrôles par Condition for Grive mauvis

From 1962 annual number of encounters fluctuated around 600, with a maximum of 1069 in 1979 and a minimum of 298 in 1992. Most encounters are from 8 October to 7 November. Furthermore, a small peak in the first two decades of January and from 20 May to 20 June.
Until 1990 about 75% of recoveries were dead birds, including about 42% shot birds. After 1990 about 35% concerned dead birds, including 24% shot birds. The hunting is highly concentrated in Portugal, Italy, S France and Spain. Also in Greece, Georgia, Cyprus and Lebanon many birds are shot.

Annual Movements for Grive mauvis

Few birds leave Fennoscandian already in Aug - Sep. In Oct most birds are moving SW, a few birds left in N Fennoscandia, concentrations arise in the Low Countries, E UK, SW France and N Italy. In Nov birds move more to S Europe. In Dec - Feb many birds in Italy and Portugal, also more birds in SE Europe, a few in N Africa. In March few birds in N Africa, S and W Europe and UK, only in SW France many encounters. In Apr most birds are back in Fennoscandia. Birds leave E Europe in Oct, most birds found in the Baltic States, Belgium and S Europe. From Nov - Feb most birds moved to S Europe and Portugal. In Mar few birds in S France and from Apr - Sep birds back in E Europe. Birds leave Iceland Oct - Nov. From Nov - Mar wintering in British Isles and Portugal. In Apr most are back in Iceland.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Grive mauvis

Birds from Fennoscandia are found in the UK from Oct - Apr and in Ireland in Jan. Most recoveries from Oct - Mar come from SW and S France and also many from W Europe, SW Iberia and Italy. Also some encounters from Dec - Mar in N Africa, Greece, Cyprus, Georgia and Near East (one in Iran). Eastern European birds have also most recoveries in SW and S France from Dec - Feb. They are also found in Italy, W Europe, Iberia and the UK from Oct - Mar. One bird was reported in Nov in Algeria and one in Feb in Greece. From Oct - Feb many birds ringed in W Iceland are recovered in W Iberia, SW France and Ireland, a minority is recovered more northerly in W Europe and the UK. Birds ringed in E Iceland mostly are reported from the British Isles from Oct - Apr and a minority from W Europe.