Callum Macgregor

Bohemian Waxwing breeds in relatively open coniferous, or sometimes mixed or birch, forests. Outside the breeding season it occurs in wide variety of habitats, including towns and cities. Its breeding range extends across the taiga belt of Eurasia (from N Scandinavia to E Siberia & Kamchatka) and N America (Alaska to Hudson Bay; Witmer 2020). In Europe, it occurs in most of C & N Fennoscandia, as well as N Russia (Keller et al. 2020). It is an intra-Eurasian irruptive migrant which overwinters S of the breeding range, but the extent is dependent the abundance of berries on Rowan Sorbus aucuparia.

Season of assessment

B

Population trendIncreasing
Population size
(min-max, best estimate)		1300000-2540000,1820000
Red List categoryLC
Franks, S., Fiedler, W., Arizaga, J., Jiguet, F., Nikolov, B., van der Jeugd, Ambrosini, R, Aizpurua, O., Bairlein, F., Clark, J., Fattorini, N, Hammond, M., Higgins, D, Levering, H., Skellorn, W., Spina, F, Thorup, K. Walker, J., Woodward, I. and Baillie, S.R. (1) (2022) Online Atlas of the movements of European bird populations. https://migrationatlas.org EURING/CMS (1) Principal investigator
Carte

Connectivité globale pour Jaseur boréal

Bohemian Waxwing is partial migrant, with post-breeding dispersal and migration largely dependent on spatio-temporal variation in berry crops. During big invasions they may spread across most of Europe. One of the latest and most well-documented was in 2004-2005 - starting from N & NE Europe large numbers of birds took S & SW routes (even W, towards Iceland) reaching the British Isles, W, C, S, SE & E Europe where they overwintered (Fouarge & Vandevondele 2005). Numerous birds ringed in N & C Europe have been recovered further E in European Russia, W & C Siberia and even the Far East (Amur region) - mostly in autumn and winter, but some in the breeding season. Most birds are ringed as full-grown during migration, so their exact breeding locations not known.

Contrôles par Condition for Jaseur boréal

Most recoveries are after the 2000s, with irregular peaks possibly reflecting invasions, and are mainly outside the breeding season (~99% Oct-Apr). About 85% of all recoveries are in N Europe. Recoveries of dead birds increased from 53% pre-1961 to 70% in 1961-1990, then decreased to 6% after 1991; the percentage of recoveries of live birds has increased  from 9% pre-1961 to 93% after 1990. The latter is mostly due to recaptures and colour-mark resightings (mostly in the British Isles). Although there are no recent reports of shot birds, 15 to 22% of recoveries before 1991 were from shooting (noticeable concentration in SE France & N Italy). During invasions, a surprising number of birds are reported as having hit glass (Winkler 2006).

Annual Movements for Jaseur boréal

In non-irruptive years, post-breeding dispersal and migration are largely concentrated in S Fennoscandia and the Baltic region. During invasions, birds mainly move SW, S & SE in autumn. Once wintering sites at lower latitudes are reached, dispersal movements take place in any direction. In irruption years, the wintering grounds are reached as early as Sep (data from C and even S Europe) but normally the numbers build up later, with most encounters from Nov onwards. In spring, return movements are evident usually in Mar-Apr, but some birds are encountered as late as May. Numerous encounters from European Russia, W & C Siberia (mostly Oct-Feb, but also during the breeding season) suggest this is where birds involved in invasions in Europe originate from.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Jaseur boréal

In years of irruptions, substantial migratory movements are evident as early as late summer or early autumn. Most encounters of wintering birds at mid-latitudes, sometimes even the Mediterranean region, occur from late autumn through to early to mid-spring, although a few birds are present in late spring. Mainly autumn and winter encounters of birds in NE Europe & Siberia suggest that irruptive birds may come from these areas. The longest-distance recovery is of a bird marked in Hungary and encountered in the Russian Far East (nearly 8,000 km).

Références

Statistiques Carte
Nombre de données Nombre d'individus Nombre de contrôles
Données cartographiées*
Données totales disponibles
*Données cartographiées avec des contrôles >= à 50 km
Références Carte
2020 . European Breeding Bird Atlas 2: Distribution, Abundance and Change. European Bird Census Council & Lynx Edicions, BarcelonaEditor(s): Keller, V., S. Herrando, P. Voříšek, et al.
Fouarge, J., Vandevondele, P. 2005 . Synthèse d'une exceptionnelle invasion de Jaseurs boréaux (Bombycilla garrulus) en Europe en 2004-2005
. Aves 42: 281–312
Winkler, R. 2006 . Die Unfallopfer der Seidenschwanz-Invasion Bombycilla garrulus von 2004/05: Alter, Geschlecht, Mauser und Schädelpneumatisation. Orn. Beob. 103: 221–227
Witmer, M. C. 2020 . Bohemian Waxwing (Bombycilla garrulus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World Link to Article (DOI: https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.bohwax.01) Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA

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