Recuperaciones por condición para Busardo ratonero

Until 1960 86% of the recoveries were dead birds, including 43% shot birds. From 1961 to 1990 87% concerned dead birds, including 11% shot birds. From 1991, 56% concerned dead birds, and only about 1% was shot.
Most buzzards were shot in Denmark, Belgium and SE France. Also many shot birds in E Netherlands, W, C and S France, Czechia, N Italy, Greece and Georgia. Less shot on the British Isles, S Fennoscandia, Spain, Portugal, the Balkan, Near East and East Europe.

Movimientos anuales para Busardo ratonero

From Dec - Feb birds are highly concentrated in Denmark, the Low countries and C Europe, also many birds in France and the UK, fewer in Spain, Italy, S Fennoscandia, SW Europe and few in Near East, NW, W and SE Africa. By Mar most birds have left Africa and the Balkan, small increase in S Finland and E Europe. In Apr - May further increase in S Fennoscandia and E Europe, less birds in S Europe and France. In Jun - Jul few birds in SE Europe and Near East. In Aug - Sep small increase in SE Europe and Near East. In Oct most birds left C and N Fennoscandia, more birds in France and S Europe and first in W and SE Africa. In Nov fewer birds in Finland and E Europe, small increase in NW Africa.

Conectividad por mes por región para Busardo ratonero

C Norway breeders are found in S Sweden (Sep - Feb); from S Norway, Sweden and Finland most are found in Denmark, the Low Countries and France (Sep - Mar, most Dec - Jan), also C and SW Europe and Italy (most Dec - Jan) and few from NW and W Africa (Oct - Apr). From Finland also recoveries in the Balkan, Greece, Black Sea area and Near East (Aug - Mar), also Saudi Arabia (Oct, May) and E Africa (Oct - Apr). From UK breeders one is found in Germany (Jan), France (Sep) and Ireland (Oct). Breeders of the Low Countries are found in N France (Sep - Apr) and NW Germany (Aug - Apr). Breeders of C and E Europe are most found in W Europe (Sep - Apr, most Dec - Jan), also in the Balkan, Greece, Italy and Spain (most Nov - Feb). From E Europe also recoveries in Near East (Jan - May) and Burundi (Feb).

Recuperaciones por condición para Tarro blanco

Protected species throughout most of Europe, game species in Russia but apparently not intensively hunted. Most encounters recorded in NW & W Europe (ca. 80%). Before 1960 about 22% of all recoveries were from dead birds as a result of shooting/ hunting; due to species protection this factor was subsequently reduced largely to just less than 1% after 1991. Inversely, the share of alive ringing recoveries significantly increased to nearly half (49%) of all recoveries after 1991. In total, the recoveries based on alive birds after 1991 constituted ca. 90% of the whole dataset (11% coming from colour ringing projects).

Most encounters are obtained after 2000. About half of all encounters (ca. 54%) are obtained in Dec-Mar.

Very limited number of encounters from SE Europe.

Movimientos anuales para Tarro blanco

Adults usually show high level of breeding site-fidelity and most of them are sedentary during Apr-Jun (Patterson 1982). The species undergoes a flightless wing-moult lasting about a month in late summer and autumn at suitable locations where big concentrations are formed (North, Black and Caspian Seas, locally on British Isles) (Kistchinski 1979, Wernham et al. 2002). Tracking study of four birds having moult migration from UK to Wadden Sea revealed a mean flight speed of 30.3 knots and altitudes of up to 354 m (Green et al. 2019). Moult migration/ post-breeding dispersion starts in Jul but it is more evident in Aug. After moulting the birds can either stay on the moulting sites during winter, or continue to other wintering sites or return to their breeding sites to overwinter.

Very cold winters could induce long-distance movements further S (Scott, Rose, 1996).

Conectividad por mes por región para Tarro blanco

Most birds from NW, W & N Europe, even some from the Mediterranean parts of Spain and France, are encountered at their common moulting areas in the Wadden Sea from late summer to mid-spring, and along the Atlantic coasts of W Europe mostly in autumn and winter. Regarding E European populations, some birds from the Baltic Sea region are subsequently encountered SW from their breeding grounds – in the North Sea region, from late summer to mid-spring (mostly during the winter). Similarly, some birds from the Black/ Caspian Sea region are heading SW in late autumn and winter, reaching the C & E Mediterranean (incl. N Africa). Very few C European birds take SE routes towards Balkan Peninsula where are encountered during winter.

The birds wintering in Caspian Sea originate from C Asia (Kistchinski 1979).

Recuperaciones por condición para Zarapito real

Hunting stopped in Great Britain (1982), Denmark (1994; Laursen 2005), Ireland (2012), with a partial (2008 onwards), then complete (from 2020), moratorium in France. Most recoveries from these countries are of dead birds, as are those from Spain and Italy - leading to heterogeneity in regional recovery rates. There are few resightings of colour-marked birds. Most live recoveries are on the  breeding grounds.

Movimientos anuales para Zarapito real

Fennoscandian birds reach breeding sites from Apr, and are back on wintering sites from Jun (mainly Jul). In C Europe, birds arrive on breeding sites in Mar, and are on wintering sites from Jul. In SW Europe, the first breeders arrive at the end of Feb. First-calendar year birds migrate later than adults, leaving from mid-Jul to Aug, sometimes migrating later. Recent data from satellite tags (e.g. Jiguet et al. 2021) show that Curlew wintering in W France migrate to Russia, Belarus and Finland, but also Austria, Belgium, Sweden and the Baltic states, arriving in mid-Apr-early May, migrating across the continent in less than a week.  They left mostly in Jun, reaching wintering sites mid-July, having taken a coastal route with stopovers in the Wadden Sea and taking 2-3 weeks.

Conectividad por mes por región para Zarapito real

Birds wintering in W Europe (Netherlands, France and Spain) are mainly encountered breeding in Fennoscandia, N Russia and C Europe. Breeders from Fennoscandia and the Baltic states migrate SW to winter mainly in the British Isles, the Wadden Sea and France. Breeders from central Europe, including Germany and the Netherlands, are found on the Wadden Sea and European Atlantic coasts, including the British Isles, down to Spain. Breeders from France and Belgium winter from France to Morocco, mainly along the Atlantic coast of Iberia. Breeders from the British Isles winter mainly on British and Irish coasts, although some also cross the Channel.

Recuperaciones por condición para Ánade rabudo norteño

Two-thirds of all recoveries refer to shot or intentionally taken birds. Clear peak in encounters during last decade of July and first decade of August, presumably marking start of hunting season in many countries. Most birds encountered in 1950-1980. Assuming large unknown category pre-1960 refers to shot birds mainly, proportion shot birds has declined over time, with 40% in 1991-present, and ring recoveries and ring readings reaching more than 50% in this period.

Movimientos anuales para Ánade rabudo norteño

Wintering quarters vacated during end March begin April, spring migration concentrated in April and early May, with birds reaching Russian breeding grounds last decade of May. First southward movements already by end of June, birds reaching southern moulting areas in Wolga Delta and Western European wetlands end July and August, others remaining at scattered locations further north. Most birds reaching western European and UK wintering areas in September and October. Southern wintering areas in Africa and Asia reached in November. Hunting seasons likely bias movements patterns.

Conectividad por mes por región para Ánade rabudo norteño

Bird encountered in winter months in Western Europe connected to staging sites in SW Russia in April, western and north western Russia in May, and to breeding grounds in Finland and Russia in June - July. Some connections to Wolga Delta in late summer suggesting some western European winterers moult there. Very large numbers encountered in Wolga Delta in July mainly connect to staging and breeding sites in Russia both sides of Ural in May-July, and to wintering sites in Italy, Balkan, Greece, Tunisia and Middle East in November – March. Many mid-winter movements within Europe between UK and mainland and from low countries to France, Spain and some extent Italian Po Delta. Summer encounters in West and central Europe few and Only connected locally.

Recuperaciones por condición para Silbón europeo

Most encounters are in winter, with distinct second peak in May during hunting season in Russia. Two thirds of recoveries related to hunting with no clear trend in time. Ringing recoveries make up most of the other encounters, representing a long tradition of catching and ringing ducks on reserves and in duck decoys.

Movimientos anuales para Silbón europeo

Wintering birds reach furthest south in mid-winter, with Spanish sites already vacated begin March, France end March. Eastward movements from end March to areas SE of Moscow, then gradually further north to reach breeding belt around Arctic circle end of May. Summering and moulting birds in western Europe show no connection to Russian breeding sites, suggesting no or local breeding, first influx occurs in August after annual wing moult. More birds arrive through September and October, with onwards movements along the western European coasts. Despite presence of the species in winter in sub-Saharan Africa, no encounters there and encounters on north African coast very few and connected to Wolga delta, suggesting eastern origin of wigeon wintering in Africa.

Conectividad por mes por región para Silbón europeo

Traditional duck decoys in Netherlands are focal points with strong connections to France and Eastern UK in mid-winter. Wetland reserves are nuclei in UK, with most winter connections to other sites on British Isles, and to Italy and France. Wintering birds in Western Europe connected to sites in Finland in summer, connections further east to Russia are mainly in May, when most hunting takes place, with April encounters occurring further south, representing earlier arrival and spring hunting. South-Eastern and South-central European wintering areas connect to both wintering areas in western Europe and in the Wolga Delta, linking birds from different flyways. Wolga winterers mainly connect to Russia east of Ural in May. Some birds in Iceland in summer connect to East coast of US in autumn.

Recuperaciones por condición para Halcón peregrino

Until 1960, 88% of the recoveries were dead birds, including 47% shot birds. From 1961 to 1990 92% concerned dead birds, including 8% shot birds. From 1991 46% concerned dead birds, about 1% was shot. The hunting hotspots were the UK, Belgium, S and W France and Protuga. Birds were also shot in Fennoscandia, Denmark, S Spain and C Europe. Ringing recoveries are rare, but since 1990 the proportion ‘alive, identified by other means’ increased to over 40%, owing to the application of colour-rings that are frequently read in the field.

Movimientos anuales para Halcón peregrino

From Nov - Feb the main concentrations are found in the UK, the Low countries and SW Germany; also Denmark, Ireland, France, Iberian Peninsula and C Europe, few in Italy and N and sub-Saharan Africa. These concentrations stay year-round. In Mar most birds move in NE direction: fewer birds in Africa and SE Europe, more in NE Europe and S Scandinavia. In Apr - May further increase in N Fennoscandia and E Europe, few birds in Spain, France and N Italy. From Jun - Sep few movements. In Oct most birds left N Scandinavia, still some birds in N Finland. 

Conectividad por mes por región para Halcón peregrino

Fennoscandian breeders are found in Denmark (Oct - Feb), British Isles (Oct - May), W and C Europe (Sep - May), Italy (Sep, Feb), Balkan (Jan, Mar), the Iberian Pen. (Oct - Apr), N Africa (Nov - May) and sub-Saharan Africa (Nov, Feb). UK breeders are found in Ireland (Dec - Feb), Belgium (Apr), France (Aug - Nov, Mar, Jun), Portugal (Sep, Nov) and Can.Islands (Mar). From the Low Countries recoveries in the UK (Oct - Apr, Jun), France (Aug - Feb) and C Europe (Aug, May). Birds from C Europe found in W Europe (Oct - Feb), The Balkan (Oct -Nov), Bulgaria (Aug), N Italy (Sep - Oct) and the Iberian Pen. (Oct - Mar). All recoveries are in the same migration corridor in Europe, but recent GPS tracking revealed longitudinal connectivity among six breeding populations in Eurasia (Gu et al. 2021).

Recuperaciones por condición para Barnacla cariblanca

All populations were hunted until sixties, and pre-1960 most recoveries were from shot birds. After that, hunting was banned in most countries except Russia, and recaptures and rings being read in the field dominate. Colour-ringing and reading is extensive in all populations, but most observations of colour-ringed birds are lacking from this atlas, leading to some bias. Most notable is the almost complete absence of encounters along the Norwegian coast in spring, where no ringing takes place but reading of colour-rings is extensive. Recently, derogation hunting occurs in many countries but hunting recoveries are still outnumbered by other categories.

Movimientos anuales para Barnacla cariblanca

Majority of birds from Russian breeding areas moving to Baltic in October, with bulk arriving in Western European wintering grounds in November. First birds moving north again in April, with staging in Baltic in May. Main spring migration however nowadays occurs in May, with birds rapidly moving north with limited staging and arriving in breeding areas end of May. Greenland and Svalbard breeders arrive in Western region mainly in October to winter, with Greenland breeders making a stop-over on Iceland in September. Spring migration is in April. For these populations, spring staging on Iceland and on Norwegian coast to second half of May still is the norm, after which mass migration to breeding areas occurs where they arrive end of May, beginning of June.

Conectividad por mes por región para Barnacla cariblanca

Ringing and recovery activities concentrated in July in breeding and moulting areas, and in winter months in wintering areas. Strong connectivity between birds wintering in North-west region and breeding on Svalbard and Greenland. Few birds reached US coast through Greenland breeding areas. Birds wintering in West region strongly connected to breeding areas in NW Russia. Birds summering in West region (June, July, August) mainly show short-distance connections within region, pointing to the sedentary nature of these populations. Same is true for birds summering in North-west region. Few connections from summer in West and North-west to northern breeding areas results from either crippled norther breeders staying behind in summer, and from natal dispersal to northern breeding areas.

Recuperaciones por condición para Milano real

Overall, most recoveries come from birds seen alive (ca. 70%), often identified from wing tags or PVC rings. Before 1960, however, a very high proportion of recoveries (46%) were shot - fortunately this is now exceptional. Today, however, ca. 20% of recoveries are of birds found dead or sick/wounded. In part this is due to poisoning, a problem in several regions in the winter quarters (Berny & Gaillet 2008, Mateo-Tomás et al. 2020). Electrocution and illegal killing also pose a conservation problem for the species (Smart et al. 2010, Tavecchia et al. 2012).

Movimientos anuales para Milano real

Post-breeding (autumn) migration can start as early as Aug (confirmed also by telemetry; Pfeiffer & Meyburg 2009), though normally in Oct or even Nov (Vidcil-Mciteo et al. 2021); the peak arrival in Iberia is in Oct, mostly across the western edge of Pyrenees (Vidcil-Mciteo et al. 2021). Adults depart from Iberia in spring in Feb/Mar, whilst immature birds depart later and within a wider range - Feb-Jun (García-Macía et al. 2021). Migration in spring is faster than in autumn (García-Macía et al. 2021).

Conectividad por mes por región para Milano real

N/C European Red Kites leave their breeding areas Sep-Nov, although some birds are resident (Vidcil-Mciteo et al. 2021). The journey to the winter quarters can take from days to weeks, with high individual variability (García-Macía et al. 2021). Exceptionally, some birds move to S/SE Europe rather than to W/SW Europe; these birds seem to show winter site-fidelity (Literák et al. 2018). Passage through Gibraltar reported, though uncommon (Onrubia 2015). Recoveries in Africa exceptional, in Oct in Morocco, in Jan in Côte d’Ivoire. S populations resident, with immature birds showing local movements. Adults from S Europe tend to stay in or close to their breeding sites in winter, and therfore tend not to mix with birds from abroad at communal roosts (Heredia et al. 1991).

Recuperaciones por condición para Cuchara común

Game species in most European countries. Most encounters are obtained between the 1960 and 1980s. The period Jun-Dec produced the bulk of encounters (ca. 78%), marked peaks evident from Aug (ca. 18%) and Jun (ca. 15%). N & C Europe hold most of the encounters (36 and 26% respectively).

The encounters based on dead birds (mostly as a result of shooting/ hunting) kept their number pretty high over the years (75-93%), while those based on alive birds showed a marked increase: from ca. 4% pre-1960 to 14% after 1991. The latter is largely due to ringing recoveries and identification from a distance (metal and colour ring read in the field) – coming mostly from W Europe.

Movimientos anuales para Cuchara común

The species undergoes a flightless wing-moulting period of about 3-4 weeks in mid- to late summer. The breeding sites are left by the adult males first, followed by females and juveniles (Dubowy et al. 2020). Autumn movements in migratory populations start in Aug. Migration is well marked Sep-Nov, most birds reach their wintering grounds in W Europe, the Mediterranean basin and Black Sea region by Oct. British Isles are left by most local breeders by late Oct but immigrants from continental Europe often form a peak later in the season (Nov) (Kirby, Mitchell, 1993). Cold weather movements induced by winter cold spells have been recorded in W Europe (Wadden Sea) (Scott, Rose, 1996).

Spring migration starts in Feb, it is more intensive in Mar-Apr. Breeding sites are occupied Apr-May.

A loop migration across W Europe and the Mediterranean has been suggested (Spina, Volponi, 2008).

Conectividad por mes por región para Cuchara común

During the wing moult males could either stay on their brood-rearing areas or perform moult migrations, usually not as extensive as in the other waterfowl species (Dubowy et al. 2020). Important moulting concentrations are formed in the North/ Baltic Seas region (IJsselmeer, Matsalu Bay) and Volga Delta. Mid- to late summer concentrations in W Europe tend to be of moulting males (Delany et al. 2006). Autumn migration is evident from late summer but more intensive migratory movements take place largely from early- to mid-autumn, locally (British Isles) – until late autumn. The wintering sites are occupied normally until late winter or early spring, but some encounters of birds on their wintering grounds exist as late as mid-spring (even from Africa and Middle East). Return movements take place mostly during mid- to late spring.

Recuperaciones por condición para Ánade friso

Game species in some European countries. Most encounters are obtained from the mid-1970s to 1991 and after 2004. The encounters are almost equally spread throughout the year, except for the period Mar-May which produced the lowest number of them; a single peak is evident in Jan (ca. 15% of all encounters). NW Europe holds the bulk of encounters (37%), followed by W and C regions (ca. 19% each). The encounters based on dead birds (mostly as a result of shooting/ hunting) fluctuated over time (49% pre-1960, 82% in 1961-1990, and 34% after 1991), while those based on alive birds – markedly increased (from 4% pre-1960 to 65% after 1991). The latter is largely due to ringing recoveries and identification from a distance (wing tags) – coming mostly from W & C Europe.

Movimientos anuales para Ánade friso

The breeding grounds are left by males in early Jul, preceding the females and young about a month (Scott, Rose, 1996). The species undergoes a flightless wing-moulting period in late summer at suitable locations (Leschack et al. 2020) – moulting concentrations are known from W & C Europe and Volga Delta, before the birds continue to their wintering grounds (Scott, Rose, 1996).

Autumn movements take place as early as Sep, mostly in Oct-Nov; the final wintering sites are usually reached by Dec. Small number of encounters exists from coastal wetlands in N Africa between Nov and Feb. Return movements in spring take place mostly in Mar-Apr. Single birds remain in their wintering areas until May.

Although the timing of the breeding season varies geographically the species typically nests later than other Anatini (Leschack et al. 2020).

Conectividad por mes por región para Ánade friso

Males, non-breeding females and failed breeders perform moult migrations starting from mid-summer; the successfully breeding females moult near brood-rearing areas (Leschack et al. 2020). Satellite tagging of birds from a moulting location to an autumn staging site in C Europe revealed multidirectional movements (Gehrold et al. 2014). Autumn migration is evident from the start of the season but is more intensive mid- to late autumn. The wintering grounds are normally occupied in early winter. Some birds overwinter as far S as N Africa and Tigris-Euphrates river system. Return migration takes place mostly early- to mid-spring, the breeding sites in the extreme N of species range can be reached in late spring (Noskov et al. 2016).